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Biomedical subjects

A P Rao

Publications and source records attributed to A P Rao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Number of root canals, their shape, configuration, accessory root canals in radicular pulp morphology. A preliminary study.

Dental Pulp is a soft gelatinous, living cellular tissue of ectomesenchymal origin having various functions, residing within bilayered hard mineralized structures like enamel, dentin and cementum. Hertwigs epithelial root sheath initiates the formation of size, shape and number of radicular pulp. Deciduous pulp cavities differ from permanent teeth present study was conducted to find out number of root canals and their pattern, in deciduous teeth.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2000

A study on relative contributions of the history, physical examination and investigations in making medical diagnosis.

Here we report an attempt to quantitate the relative contributions of the history, physical examination and investigations in making medical diagnosis. In this prospective study of 100 patients, with new or previously undiagnosed conditions, we listed their differential diagnosis with confidence score; after the history, after physical examination and after the investigations. In two patients no definite final diagnoses could be arrived even after extensive investigation--these two cases were excluded from the study. In seventy seven patients (78.58%) patients, the history led to diagnosis. The physical examination led to diagnosis in eight patients (8.17%); and investigations led to diagnosis in 13 patients (13.27%). The confidence in correct diagnosis increased from 6.36 on a scale of one to ten after the history to 7.57 after physical examination and 9.84 after investigations--implying that history, physical examination and investigation have their own limitation at each stage and an integrative approach is needed in making a medical diagnosis with more emphasis on history.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1999

Serum vitamins E, A and lipid peroxidation levels in Kurichias, an Indian tribal population.

Serum vitamins E, A, lipid peroxides, prevalence of dislipidemia, hypertension, obesity and smoking habits were assessed in a volunteer sample of 310 (175 males + 135 females) Kurichias, a tribal population of Kerala, India, who are enjoying longevity relatively free from age associated chronic problems. The mean serum levels of vitamins E and A were higher and lipid peroxides were lower with comparable ages of Indian and Western studies. The prevalence (age standardized to the world population of Segi 95% CI) was obesity 2.87 (1.22-4.53), central obesity 3.71 (2.27-5.15), hypertension 2.70 (1.92-3.48), hypercholesterolemia 0.71 (0.66-0.76), hypertriglyceridemia 2.60 (1.18-4.02) and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.24 (1.07-1.42). Significant negative correlation was observed between vitamins and lipid peroxides. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides showed significant positive correlation with antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxides. Blood pressure found positive correlation with lipid peroxides and no correlation with vitamins except systolic blood pressure having negative relation with vitamin A. Age showed negative correlation with vitamins and positive correlation with lipid peroxides, whereas lipid peroxides showed positive correlation with obesity only. In multivariate regression analysis serum cholesterol and old age groups were significant predictors of serum antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxides. The higher levels of antioxidant vitamins, lower levels of lipid peroxides as well as low prevalence of CHD risk factors in Kurichias when compared to other populations suggest that antioxidants or increased intake of foods rich in antioxidants play a key role in their health and longevity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evidence for multiclonality in multicentric Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) develops in a variety of clinical states and is the most common tumor seen in patients with HIV-1 infection. KS develops as a multifocal mucocutaneous disease with subsequent spread to visceral organs, and it has been argued to be a benign proliferation caused by its multifocality at initial presentation, lack of aneuploidy, and spontaneous regression upon withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents in iatrogenically induced disease. We wished to determine whether KS lesions are clonal, indicative of a true neoplasm. Also, we tested whether multifocal KS lesions are clonally related, derived from a common progenitor cell or of independent cellular origin. We studied the X-chromosome inactivation pattern of the human androgen receptor gene in tumor biopsies of women with KS. This procedure tests for the clonality of a tissue specimen, a hallmark of neoplasia. Each specimen was microdissected to minimize normal cell contamination. Of 12 evaluable cases, 10 were HIV-seropositive and 2 were HIV-seronegative. Twenty-four biopsies from the 12 patients were examined. Five cases were consistent with individual KS lesions being clonal. In two cases, multiple KS specimens derived from the individual patients had different androgen receptor alleles inactivated, proving unequivocally that these KS lesions arose independently from distinct transformed cells. In seven cases, only a polyclonal pattern of inactivation was observed, whereas two others had tumor areas of both clonal and polyclonal inactivation patterns. These findings suggest that KS can be a clonal neoplasm, and in some of the cases multiple KS lesions in a given patient can arise from independent cellular origins and acquire clonal characteristics. The polyclonal inactivation pattern observed in other KS lesions may represent a premalignant stage or false negative results.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of exogenous gonadotrophins on restoration of ovarian activities in nicotine treated unilaterally ovariectomized albino rats.

Adult cycling albino rats were hemispayed and administered nicotine for 15 days. FSH/LH or FSH+LH was then administered to these rats. Nicotine inhibited ovarian compensatory hypertrophy significantly and increased cholesterol and lipid levels in the ovary. Administration of FSH alone or in combination with LH restored the ovarian compensatory hypertrophy and decreased the cholesterol and lipid levels significantly, but LH alone was not effective. The results suggest that the inhibition of ovarian growth in nicotine treated rats may be due to lack of availability of pituitary gonadotrophins and these effects can be rectified by the administration of gonadotrophins.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Social work in dentistry.

This article describes social work in a nontraditional area. The author uses two case vignettes to present intervention at the micro level and then outlines change strategies in the institutional and cultural context of dental care. The author discusses active case finding, dynamics of the interdisciplinary team, consultation, and implications for policy development.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

A study of interaction of a low-dose combination oral contraceptive with anti-tubercular drugs.

Low-dose combination contraceptive (containing norethisterone acetate 1 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms) was administered to women receiving concurrent therapy with either Rifampicin or "triple" antitubercular treatment consisting of paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS), isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and streptomycin. Plasma levels of norethisterone (NET) and ethinyl estradiol (EE), PAS and INH were measured and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated for NET and EE. Rifampicin treatment (9 women) caused a statistically significant reduction of the plasma NET levels as well as the AUC of NET. In this group of women, though a trend for reduction in EE levels was observed in individual subjects, it was not statistically significant. Out of 7 regularly menstruating women on Rifampicin therapy, 2 showed a premenstrual rise of plasma progesterone (P) levels (> 4 ng/ml) suggesting an ovulatory cycle and 3 experienced menstrual irregularities. In contrast, plasma levels of NET and EE as well as their AUCs were not altered in 8 women receiving "triple" antitubercular therapy. Only one woman out of 8, had menstrual irregularity and all women had P levels in the anovulatory range. Furthermore, oral contraceptive treatment did not alter the plasma levels of PAS and INH.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of parental consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity among the Pattusalis of Tirupati, South Indian.

The incidence of consanguineous marriages is very high in the Pattusali population. First cousin marriages are preferred mostly. The consanguinity effects obtained in this population are also mostly confined to these marriages only. The inbreeding coefficient for the population is 0.02997. The consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity are discussed in the paper.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1976

The cause of G2-arrest in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with anticancer drugs.

The nature of G2-arrest was studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells after exposure to 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin 9-)4,6-0-2-thenylidene-beta-D-glycopyranoside (VM26), 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, 1,3-cis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, cis-4[[[(2-chloroethyl)-nitrosoamino] carbonyl] amino]- cyclohexane carboxylic acid, or neocarzinostatin. To determine whether this G2-arrest was due to a metabolic block or to damage to the genetic material, we employed the phenomenon of premature chromosome condensation to visualize the chromosomes of the G2-blocked cells by fusing them with mitotic cells. The prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) of the treated cells were scored for their position in the cell cycle and the extent of chromosomal damage in the G2-PCC. The data revealed a significant enrichment of the G2-fraction in all the treatments. Most of the G2- PCC from the treated cells were extensively damaged, showing 10 or more breaks and exchanges per cell. These studies clearly indicated that the treated cells accumulated in G2-phase because of their failure to progress into mitosis as a direct or indirect result of the extensive damage to the chromosomes.

Animals↗