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Biomedical subjects

A Palestine

Publications and source records attributed to A Palestine.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Analysis of autoantibodies among patients with primary and secondary uveitis: high incidence in patients with sarcoidosis.

The sera of 122 patients with uveitis were examined for the presence of various antinuclear autoantibodies. Overall 21.3% of the patients had antibodies to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and 18% to Ro (SSA). When subdividing the patients according to primary uveitis versus secondary uveitis, the autoantibodies were detected more frequently in the second group [anti-RNP 13.3 vs. 31.4%, anti-Ro (SSA) 11.8 vs. 27.7%, anti-Sm 10.3 vs. 24% and poly (G) 2.9 vs. 14.8%, respectively]. No differences could be asserted in autoantibody frequencies according to disease location within the uvea. Among uveitis patients afflicted with sarcoidosis a particular high incidence of autoantibodies was detected in comparison with all other subgroups of patients with uveitis. Although the presence of autoantibodies among patients with uveitis appears not to have a major diagnostic value, their assessment may aid to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1990

Down-regulation of autoantibody levels of cyclosporine and bromocriptine treatment in patients with uveitis.

The administration of cyclosporine A, cyclosporine A plus bromocriptine, or bromocriptine results in down-regulation of antinuclear autoantibody levels in the sera of patients with uveitis. Decreased levels of autoantibodies against DNA, histones, cardiolipin, RNP, Sm, Ro (SS-A), and La (SS-B) were detected in the sera of patients with uveitis receiving cyclosporine A or cyclosporine A plus bromocriptine following 3 months of treatment. In contrast to the decreased antibody titers obtained following the treatment, the total immunoglobulin levels remained within the normal range. The results indicate that cyclosporine may affect B cell function, thereby yielding the observed decrease in autoantibody levels. This phenomenon might have clinical importance as a serological indicator of the efficiency of the patients to respond to the drug.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1989

ELISA HIV testing and viral culture in the screening of corneal tissue for transplant from medical examiner cases.

The spread of AIDS and its association with a retrovirus, commonly called T-lymphotropic virus type III (HIV) has produced great concern among those involved in transplantation about the possibility for transmission of this disease through tissue and organ transplant. Isolation of the virus from conjunctiva and tears further heightened this concern for corneal transplants. This review of medical examiner (ME) cases, a population in which high numbers of transplant corneas are retrieved, has revealed positive serologic tests for HIV in serum from 5 cases in 205 screens. These represent potential donors based on other standard medical criteria available at the time of collection. This tissue was also submitted for viral culture, and virus was recovered from the corneal tissue in McCarey-Kaufman (MK) media. These findings and case reviews are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier in hypertensive rats.

We assessed the permeability surface area products at the blood-retinal barrier and blood-brain barrier to sucrose (molecular weight, 340) and microperoxidase (molecular weight, 2000) following acute hypertension induced by metaraminol in Wistar-Kyoto rats (controls) and during chronic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In acute hypertension, the permeability surface area product for sucrose was increased at the blood-retinal barrier and at the blood-brain barrier over control values (p less than 0.02), and the vessels became leaky to microperoxidase. In chronic hypertension, the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier to sucrose was increased over that in control animals (p less than 0.02), whereas the permeability of the blood-brain barrier was unaffected. Neither barrier leaked microperoxidase. These results indicate that the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier are similarly affected in acute hypertension and that in chronic hypertension, the blood-brain barrier is unaffected whereas the blood-retinal barrier is rendered more permeable to small, but not large, solutes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Permeability changes in blood-retinal barrier of galactosemic rats are prevented by aldose reductase inhibitors.

Permeability-surface-area products (PA) for sucrose at the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) were determined with quantitative in vivo techniques and compared in control rats, rats fed a 50% galactosemic diet, and rats fed a diet containing both galactose and the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil. The mean PA +/- SE for controls was 0.656 x 10(-5) +/- 0.13 ml.g-1.s-1 and increased by approximately 500% in galactose-fed animals to 3.13 x 10(-5) +/- 0.32 ml.g-1.s-1. Animals fed both galactose and sorbinil showed no significant difference from control animals (P greater than .05), with a PA of 0.91 x 10(-5) +/- 0.22 ml.g-1.s-1. No breach in the BRB to horseradish peroxidase was detected in any of the groups. These results demonstrate an increased permeability at the BRB to small molecules in galactosemic rats that is prevented by an aldose reductase inhibitor. This suggests that the retinal capillary basement membrane thickening seen in galactosemic rats is associated with an increased permeability of the BRB and that aldose reductase is implicated in its pathogenesis.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistopathology of experimental uveitis induced by a non-ocular antigen.

Inflammation was induced in the eye by active and passive Arthus reactions using a non-ocular antigen and was examined by histologic and immunopathologic techniques. T cells were seen to infiltrate the eye when the inflammation occurred in the active Arthus reaction and were not seen after passive immunization. The findings were compared to those of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine on serious cytomegalovirus disease in eight immunosuppressed homosexual men.

Eight immunosuppressed homosexual men with cytomegalovirus viremia--seven with serious bilateral retinitis, one with colitis in addition to retinitis, and one with pneumonitis only--were treated with a new acyclovir derivative, 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine, which has excellent in-vitro activity against cytomegalovirus. All patients had virologic and clinical improvement, but substantial leukopenia developed in three patients. Both clinical relapses and viral relapses occurred frequently, usually within 30 days after cessation of treatment. 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine represents the first clinically and virologically effective agent for the treatment of cytomegalovirus disease, but more effective and less toxic therapeutic regimens for both acute and chronic use must be developed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Unilateral cytomegalovirus retinochoroiditis and bilateral cytoid bodies in a bisexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 42-year-old bisexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cryptococcal meningitis, disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare with mycobacteremia, and oropharyngeal candidiasis developed unilateral retinitis and bilateral cotton wool patches. Histopathologic examination revealed unilateral necrotizing retinochoroiditis with virions in retinal and choroidal tissues. Postmortem cultures of retina and choroid were positive for cytomegalovirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Multicentric Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva in a male homosexual with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 38-year-old male homosexual with the new Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) had biopsy proven Kaposi's sarcoma of the right palpebral conjunctiva, extraocular mucocutaneous areas, and lymph nodes. Histologically, the palpebral tumor was characterized by atypical spindle cell proliferation and multiple slit-like vessels. Staining for Factor VIII-related antigen was positive in the cytoplasm of some tumor cells. Electron microscopy disclosed Weibel-Palade bodies in cells lining scattered slit-like vascular channels. The palpebral tumor mass was relatively nonadherent to its surrounding tissues and thus its simple excision was noteworthy; despite the prominent vascularity of the tumor, minimal bleeding was associated with its surgical resection. Any patient with AIDS should have all mucosal surfaces routinely examined for the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Unilateral cytomegalovirus retinochoroiditis and bilateral cytoid bodies in a bisexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 42-year-old bisexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cryptococcal meningitis, disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare with mycobacteremia, and oropharyngeal candidiasis developed unilateral retinitis and bilateral cotton wool patches. Histopathologic examination revealed unilateral necrotizing retinochoroiditis with virions in retinal and choroidal tissues. Postmortem cultures of retina and choroid were positive for cytomegalovirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antinuclear autoantibodies in uveitis.

We have studied 44 sera of patients with uveitis, and controls for the presence of ANF and other antinuclear antibodies (ss-DNA, ds-DNA, Poly (I), Poly (G), RNP, Sm, histones) and for the presence of a common anti-DNA idiotype (16/6 Id) employing the ELISA method. Various incidences of antinuclear antibodies were found in sera of patients with uveitis. The uveitis specimens were found to have high titers of autoantibodies to ss-DNA, ds-DNA, Poly (I), histones and Poly (G). High titers of anti-Sm antibodies were detected only in 9% of the uveitis patients, which is markedly lower than the reported percentage of anti-Sm antibodies in SLE. No significant differences were found in the incidence of antinuclear antibodies between sera of patients with localized uveitis and uveitis concomitant with a systemic disorder. Similarly, no relationship was found between location of uveitis (anterior versus posterior) and autoantibody profile. Our results imply that despite considering uveitis as a specific organ malady, it should be regarded serologically as an autoimmune condition.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗