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Biomedical subjects

A Palva

Publications and source records attributed to A Palva.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Disodium chromoglycate therapy in perennial rhinitis.

DSCG was tested on 38 patients with perennial rhinitis in the form of a nasal spray (2%)in a double-blind cross-over trial. Few of the investigated parameters in the whole material showed any significant preference of DSCG. A marked drug order effect was shown; in the group receiving placebo first, most of the clinical parameters assessed both by the clinician and the patient were better for DSCG. A therapeutical trial with DSCG is worth trying in perennial rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Chryotherapy in the treatment of subglottic hemangioma in infants.

Congenital laryngeal hemangioma in infants is situated typically in the subglottic region and causes respiratory obstruction at the age of 1--6 months. Hitherto fewer than one hundred cases have been reported. The mortality has been high and the therapy problematic. As a primary measure, tracheotomy must be performed. In the treatment of the tumour itself, large doses of corticosteroids, sclerosing agents, radiotherapy and surgical removal have been used. The results have hardly been encouraging. In five cases we have utilized cryotherapy. The hemangioma disappeared after 3--6 sessions. No therapeutic or late complications were connected with this mode of therapy.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1979

Can an operation of deaf ear be dangerous for hearing?

After a single or modified radical mastoidectomy the hearing of the contralateral ear was followed by pure tone audiometry in 55 patients. In 12 patients a sensorineural--mostly high tone--hearing loss of at least 20 dB was found in the contralateral ear. In six cases this was persistent. The number of patients with hearing loss increased with increasing operation time. The cause of this hearing loss must be the noise of the bone-cutting burr.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Cholesteatoma in children.

The 65 cholesteatomas operated on in children showed a more expansive and rapid growth than those in adults. In one fifth of the cases cholesteatoma filled the whole air-cell area, which was wide in half of the children. Fifty-two ears of these children had an attic or a posterosuperior perforation. One case was complicated by a fistula in the horizontal semicircular canal, and the ossicular chain was unbroken in 23 cases (35%). Thus, the findings support the idea of the primary soft-tissue spread of cholesteatoma in children. Five ears (8%) discharged postoperatively, and three ears (5%) were reoperated on and showed residual tympanal cholesteatoma. Cavity obliteration with canal wall down technique proved safe, even in the cases of the most extensive and active cholesteatoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Arachnoid cyst of the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve with unilateral disc oedema and transient shallowing of the anterior chamber. A case report.

An unusual occurrence of chronic monocular disc oedema, visual loss and shallowing of the anterior chamber in a patient with an arachnoid cyst involving a portion of the intraorbital optic nerve was reported. Decompression of the optic nerve sheath through a Krönlein approach was followed by prompt deepening of the anterior chamber and a gradual, delayed relief of the disc oedema. It is concluded that orbitotomy and decompression of the optic nerve sheath should be done before atrophic changes of the optic nerve and visual loss begin to develop.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Secretory otitis media in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. A temporal bone report of a case treated for seven months with tympanostomy tubes.

Serially sectioned temporal bones were studied from a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia with submucosal infiltration of the nasopharynx, the resulting secretory otitis having been treated with tympanostomy tubes for 7 months. The initially serous sterile secretion turned mucoid, and a low grade infection supervened. For the last 3 months the tympanostomy tubes were open and the ears dry. In the sections, the mastoid air cells showed leukaemic infiltrations and contained AB- and PAS-positive secretion. The drum openings were without reaction and there was no epithelial ingrowth around the margins. The posterior tympanum in both ears contained organizing fibrous tissue extending from the inner surface of the drum to the promontory. In the tympanum the mucosa was flat or columnar and without glands. Distinct AB and PAS-positive mucus film and secretory cells appeared on the promontory epithelium and the inner surface of the drum. In the tubo-tympanic recess some AB- and PAS-positive subepithelial glands appeared and in the tympanic orifice of the tube the secretory cells were prominent and the lumen full of AB-positive mucus. The case reported represents an intermediate stage in the healing of secretory otitis media, most of the glands having disappeared but the intraepithelial secretory elements being still active.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Histochemistry of normal middle ear mucosa.

Mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from the middle ear in 19 patients with otosclerosis and stained by Alcan blue and PAS. They were also stained for hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. In additon, 11 temporal bones from patients without any previous ear disease were serially sectioned for mucopolysaccharides. In otosclerosis, both acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides were present in the mucosa, but not to the same extent as in the temporal bone specimens. Acid phosphatase, lactate malate dehydrogenases, and nonspecific esterase were demonstrated even in very thin epithelium, providing a potential basis for the appearance of these enzymes in large amounts in various inflammatory middle ear diseases.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Mycotic flora in tonsils and adenoids. A microbiological and histological evaluation.

The tonsils of 147 patients with chronic tonsillitis and the adenoids of 134 children with recurrent respiratory infections were cultured for fungal organisms and studied microscopically. A control group consisted of 68 healthy persons. Positive cultures were obtained in 64% of patients with chronic tonsillitis, in 21% of children treated with adenoidectomy, and in 69% of the control group. Candida albicans, Saccharomyces sp. and Aspergillus were the most common organisms. The histological investigations revealed no evidence of pathogenecity in these organisms. They were found in the tonsillar crypts, and no granulomatous inflammation was seen surrounding them.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1975

Middle ear mucosa and chronic ear disease. III. Enzyme studies of thick noncholesteatomous epithelium.

Thick mucosa removed from the promontory in cases with chronic otitis media showed prominent PAS-positive glands and epithelial secretory cells. Alcian blue positivity was less pronounced, contrary to the mucosa from glue ears. Enzyme activity in the epithelium and propria was comparable to that in glue ears, with some increase in alkaline phosphatase and some decrease in proprial lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Removal of thick, permanently altered mucoas is recommended even in the absence of squamous epithelium. Steps should be taken to allow regrowth of thin, normal middle ear epithelium on the promontory.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Tumours of the parotid region.

Fifty-eight operatively treated tumours of the parotid region are presented. Of the tumours 85 per cent were benign and 15 per cent malignant. The percentage of pleomorphic adenomas was 36 per cent. During five years of observation there were no recurrences of benign tumours. Operative complications consisted of one paresis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve and one death due to bleeding and aspiration during the first postoperative day. Frey's syndrome occurred postoperatively in 26 per cent of the cases. It is emphasized that parotid tumours should be concentrated to centres where surgeons have sufficient experience with these cases.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucosal histochemistry in secretory otitis.

Mucosal biopsies were taken from 20 ears with secretory otitis media (glue ear) and histochemical stainings were made for comparison with data obtained from biochemical analysis of the fluids. Acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD), the activity of which in the ear fluids was 20 to 30 times higher than in serum, were found to appear as strong precipitates in the middle ear epithelium, particularly in the top layer. Alkaline phosphatase activity was only exceptionally seen in the epithelium but appeared in the capillaries and histiocytes. Nonspecific esterase appeared irregularly in the epithelium and regularly in histiocytes. The latter two had lower activities in ear fluids than in serum. Epithelial secretory cells and subepithelial glands and cysts showed strong alcian blue (AB)-positive staining. Positive material appeared also in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and in the intercellular substance. Distinct PAS-positive staining appeared in the columnar epithelium and particularly in the free mucus on top of the epithelium but was less promounced in the glandular structures and absent from the cysts.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recruitment in conduction deafness. Observations using a midline loudness balance test.

A midline loudness balance test was made in 10 normal ears with blocked ear canals and in 104 conductively deaf ears with loss not exceeding 45 dB. The test was made by giving the tones simultaneously in the ears at 10, 60 and 80 dB sensation levels for 500 and 2 000 Hz. In the normal group the midline balance method indicated no reduction from the threshold differences at any of the three levels whereas significant reductions occurred in all groups of conduction deafness. The occurrence of true partial recruitment in conduction deafness demonstrated by ABLB (Fowler's) test was attributed to altered middle ear mechanics, loud tones stimulating the inner ear relatively more effectively than tones near the threshold level. The midline balance method is more closely dependent upon bone conducted sounds and on the altered relative movements of the labyrinthine windows.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunological defects in children with chronic otitis media.

A total of 59 children with chronic otitis media were examined for possible immunological defects by determination of serum gammaglobulin and immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM, and by a tuberculin test, and additionally by noting any lymphopenia. Some divergence from normal values was found in 38 patients (64%). 14 children (24%) showed pathologically low immunoglobulin levels and 7 (12%) even a subtotal absence of one of the immunoglobulin fractions. 8 of the cases (14%) also showed a reduction of gammaglobulin level. In 20 children (34%), the level of one or more of the three major Ig classes was elevated. All except one became clinically normal within a few years, showing normal gamma or immunoglobulin levels when tested. The tuberculin test was positive in all patients. The length and course of the disease in these cases was similar to that in patients with normal test values. Gammaglobulin therapy did not have any beneficail effect. Consequently, it is concluded that although humoral immunological defects may be one aetiological factor, they do not play any major role in the course of chronic otitis media in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Otosclerosis surgery.

Results of otosclerosis surgery using the stapes footplate removal with various types of reconstruction are reported in 456 ears (360 patients). Primary success was obtained in around 95% while 83% retained their improvement over the years. The posterior crus on fascia has become the preferred method because of its stability and relative lack of inner ear complications. Inner ear damage is mostly due to perilymph fistulae, which should be promptly recognized and repaired, since revision after the ear has become deaf does not restore hearing. Some late inner ear losses may be due to reactions to foreign material introduced with the graft. Bilateral operations should not be done if the first operation was difficult or caused vertigo for several days.

Acoustic Stimulation↗