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Biomedical subjects

A Panigrahi

Publications and source records attributed to A Panigrahi.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding.

This study elucidates the immune modulation including the expression of cytokine genes following dietary administration of three selected probiotic bacteria--Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis to fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. They were fed for 45 days on either a basal control diet or one of the three probiotic diets containing the specific bacteria in freeze-dried form at a density of 10(9)CFUgfeed-1. The non-specific immune parameters examined--superoxide anion production by the head kidney leukocytes and the alternate complement activity of serum was improved by probiotic feeding. Besides this, the relative gene expressions of interleukin-1beta1, tumor necrosis factor 1 and 2 and transforming growth factor-beta were up regulated in the spleen and the head kidney. The comparatively better performance of E. faecium could possibly be linked to their suitable ambient temperature conditions. Thus, probiotic bacteria delivered in feed exerts its influence on the immune system of fish, both at cellular and molecular levels.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Immune responses in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136.

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of supplementing a suggested probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136 in feed on immune response and gut flora composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The probiotic bacteria were incorporated into a commercial feed to constitute two experimental diets containing either 10(9) or 10(11) colony forming unit of live bacteria/g of feed while a third diet without the bacterial supplement served as the control diet. The diets were offered to rainbow trout (75g average weight) in triplicate tanks for 30 days. Fish were sampled at 10, 20 and 30 days after commencement of the feeding trial to determine the proportion of the given probiont in the gut microflora composition and the nonspecific humoral and cellular immune responses on the 30th day. The relative proportion of the probiont increased with the feeding duration in the intestine, but not in the stomach. The proportion of L. rhamnosus in the stomach corresponded to the intake levels while no such relation existed in the intestine. The serum lysozyme and complement activities were significantly greater in fish fed the higher level of probiont compared with the control fish. The phagocytic activity of head kidney leucocytes also showed similar tendencies. These observations indicate the potential immuno-regulatory role of probiotic organisms in rainbow trout.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

Immunological monitoring of posttransplant allograft sensitization following living related donor renal transplantation.

A better understanding of the immunobiological processes and predictors of graft rejection holds promise for development of new therapeutic strategies and also for individualization of immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical relevance of immune parameters, such as recipient sensitization status, donor-specific antibodies, and anti-HLA antibodies, which are major predictors of graft outcome following renal transplantation. Sera from 264 renal recipients at different posttransplant period were included for detection of anti-donor antibodies (by flowcytometry); anti-HLA, antibody (by ELISA), and panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) methods. Graft survival was analyzed in relation to posttransplant PRA at 2 years follow-up time: overall survival was significantly compromised in the highly sensitized group (group III) compared to the other two groups (overall chi2 = 24.20, P = 5.5 x 10(-06)). Flow cytometric cross-matches revealed the presence of anti-donor class I antibodies (T+) in 39 patients who had a poor graft survival of 51% compared with 85% survival in 225 antibody-negative patients. (chi2 = 22.260, P = 2.381 x 10(-.06)). Further analysis was performed based on the presence or absence of FCXM and ELISA-detected antibodies. Recipients belonging to group I (ELISA+/FCXM+) showed significantly lower graft survival (43%) compared with that observed in group II, which were essentially nonsensitized individuals (90%; P = 3.1 x 10(-08)). The graft survival in the ELISA-/FCXM+ group was 63%, which was significantly lower than that in group II (P = 5.14 x 10(-03)). Group IV (ELISA+/FCXM-) including 38 (14%) serum samples with nondonor but HLA-specific antibodies was associated with significantly poorer graft survival (63%) compared with group II (P = 6.6 x 10(-05)). Our data also show that while FCXM is the most sensitive test to detect donor-specific antibodies, the ELISA method offers the additional advantage of detecting anti-HLA class-I antibodies, which are detrimental for renal graft survival. Thus the use of multiple parameters to assess recipient immune profile can predict graft outcome more accurately thus helping the individualization and optimization of immunosuppression.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2002

Influence of HLA compatibility on renal graft survival using live unrelated & cadaver donors in India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Living unrelated donor (LURD) renal transplantation has shown a rising trend over the last 5 yr at our center following the passing of The Transplantation of Human Organs Act by the Government of India in 1994. In this paper, the results of LURD and cadaver (CAD) donor renal transplantation are compared. We have also looked into factors that have a bearing on graft survival such as the extent of HLA mismatch (MM), infections, acute rejections (AR), donor age and sex. METHODS: A total of 42 LURD and 25 CAD renal transplants performed between March 1994 and February 1999 has been included in the study. HLA typing, panel reactive antibody (PRA) screening and T and B cell cross match assay were performed by the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) method for all patients. RESULTS: The graft survival rates were generally higher in the LURD category as compared to the CAD group and were significant at 6 month period (90 vs 56%, P = 0.002). A follow up of the patients up to 60 months revealed a matching effect since the 3, 4 allele MM group had better survival rates as compared to the 5, 6 MM group. Twenty six of the 67 recipients (39%) experienced episodes of acute rejection (AR). Patients with 3, 4 MM had fewer such episodes than those with 5, 6 allele MM (P < 0.05). Of the 32 deaths, 20 were those with a functional kidney, of which 15 were caused by severe infections. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Better HLA matching ensures fewer episodes of rejection and better long term graft survival in comparison to the poorly matched grafts. The graft survival for LURD recipients was appreciably higher than that of CAD recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of lead, zinc, mercury, and copper with and without estrogen on serum vitellogenin level in Magur fish (Clarias batrachus L.).

Injection(s) of lead, zinc, and mercuric acetate decreased the serum vitellogenin content in Magur fish, while cupric acetate failed to cause any change in the vitellogenin level. Estrogen injections on 7th, 8th and 9th d increased the serum vitellogenin level in normal and copper salt treated fish, but were totally ineffective in altering the reduced vitellogenin content in lead, zinc, and mercury salts treated fish. Vitellogenin level almost restored to normal level at 6 week in lead, zinc, and mercury treated fish, and estrogen injections on 37th, 38th, and 39th d enhanced the serum vitellogenin content in all groups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional assessment of immune markers of graft rejection: a comprehensive study in live-related donor renal transplantation.

A better understanding of the immunobiological processes and predictors of graft rejection holds promise for the development of potential therapeutic strategies and also individualization of immunosuppression. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical relevance of immune parameters such as antidonor antihuman leukocyte antigen (anti-HLA) antibodies, monitoring of cytokines and their receptors on the graft outcome following live-related donor renal transplantation. Flow cytometry-based methods were used to detect antidonor antibodies (flow cytometry crossmatch, FCXM) and intracellular cytokines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were employed to detect anti-HLA class I and class II antibodies and quantitative serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels. The data revealed that patients with HLA class I-specific IgG antibody experienced higher acute rejection (AR) episodes at 1 yr in comparison to the antibody negative group (82% vs. 56%, p = 0.01). On the contrary, donor-specific class II antibodies (B+) did not have any influence on the graft survival. However, 15 recipients having both T- and B-cell antidonor antibodies (T+B+) had significantly poor graft survival (60%) as compared to the antibody-negative group (T-B-, 82%, p = 0.05). Additionally, patients having non-donor but HLA-specific antibodies (FCXM-/ELISA+) had poor graft survival as compared to the antibody-negative group (64% vs. 88%, p < 0.05). Further, patients undergoing AR episodes had significantly higher expression of IFN-gamma-producing T cells (19.16 +/- 7.4% median 17.50) as compared to their pre-transplant levels (5.68 +/- 1.63%, Median 5.20) and the non-rejecter group (5.97 +/- 4.39%, median 4.3, p = 0.0004). Similarly sIL-2 was significantly increased in AR episodes during the first month of transplantation (292 +/- 131.5 pmol/L) as compared to those with well-functioning grafts (p = 0.01) and healthy controls (p = 0.001). Evaluation of antidonor antibodies by flow cytometry is found to be relatively more sensitive and a better predictor of graft outcome. Further monitoring of cytokine expression profile of primed peripheral T-helper cells and quantitative analysis of sIL-2R offer additional valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools for follow-up of transplant subjects and a better alternative for functional assessment of immunosuppression.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the safe use of pesticides in controlling the terrestrial mollusc pests.

The preferred food items of the slugs Laevicaulis alte and the snails Achatina fulica were used to prepare 'poison baits' by injecting the pesticides 'Rogor' and 'Nuvan' to kill these mollusc pests. The 'poison baits' prepared with Trichosanthes dioica and Lycopersicum esculentum were accepted by 100% individuals of both the species irrespective of the pesticides used. In all cases the slug and snail individuals died within a considerable length of time following consumption of the bait. The importance of using 'poison bait' lies not only with the sure success in killing the pests but also with the 'safe use' of toxic materials in order to avoid environmental hazards.

Animals↗