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Biomedical subjects

A Pathak

Publications and source records attributed to A Pathak.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Developmental defects of the lungs.

Poor lung development was first noted on scintigraphy using 99mTc-phytate in 32 children. They had all been referred for a hepatosplenic scan but the initial circulatory phase of the radiopharmaceutical was also recorded as a routine procedure. In 3 patients it revealed aplasia of an entire lung; bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia was observed in 14 of 16 patients with diaphragmatic herniae. Six patients with congenital heart enlargement showed a poorly developed ipsilateral lung; 5 of 6 patients with dextrocardia without an intracardiac defect had a larger left lung compared with the right lung; both pulmonary beds appeared equal in a patient with mesocardia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Endogenous production of carbon monoxide in normal and erythroblastotic newborn infants.

The endogenous production of carbon monoxide ( V(CO)) in newborn infants was measured by serial determinations of blood carboxyhemoglobin during rebreathing in a closed system. Mean V(CO) in nine full-term infants was 13.7 +/-3.6 mul CO/kg per hr (SD), and in four erythroblastotic infants V(CO) ranged from 37 to 154 mul CO/kg per hr preceding exchange transfusion. Mean red cell life-span (MLS) and total bilirubin production were calculated from V(CO). MLS in normal newborns was 88 +/-15 days (SD), and bilirubin production was 8.5 +/-2.3 mg/kg per 24 hr. This is more than twice the amount of bilirubin normally produced in the adult per kilogram of body weight. Normal infants achieved a net excretion of bilirubin of at least 5.6 +/-2.3 mg/kg per 24 hr (SD) as calculated from the bilirubin production and the measured rise in serum bilirubin concentration.The measurement of V(CO) should prove valuable in the study of red blood cell survival and bilirubin metabolism in the newborn infant.

Bilirubin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of zinc on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes in ethanol-fed rats.

A 3-ml aliquot of 30% ethanol was fed daily to normal as well as zinc-treated (227 mg l(-1)) rats for periods of 2, 4 and 8 weeks. A highly significant increase in the levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in ethanol-fed rats after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. On the other hand, the levels of lipid peroxidation came down significantly following ethanol feeding to zinc-treated rats. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver were elevated significantly after ethanol administration to rats for durations of 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Interestingly, zinc treatment to rats given ethanol was able to bring down the elevated levels of SOD, catalase and GPx to within normal limits, However, zinc administration alone did not cause any significant alteration in the activities of these antioxidative enzymes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen saturation as a screening test for critical congenital heart disease: a preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to assess the utility of arm and leg oxygen saturation as a candidate screening test for the early detection of ductal-dependent left heart obstructive disease. We measured arm and leg oxygen saturation in 2876 newborns admitted to well baby nurseries and 32 newborns with congenital heart disease. Fifty-seven newborns in the well baby nurseries (0.02%) had an abnormal test (leg saturation less than 92% in room air or 7% lower saturation in the leg than in the arm). Four of the 57 had critical congenital heart disease, including 1 with coarctation of the aorta. Of the 32 newborns with congenital heart disease, 11/13 (85%) with left heart obstructive disease had abnormal oxygen saturation tests, as did 15/19 (79%) with other forms of congenital heart disease. Pulse oximetry deserves further study as a screening test for critical congenital heart disease.

Baltimore↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts.

Two cases with ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts are presented. Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance findings are illustrated. The pathology and differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and technetium 99m glucohepatonic acid single photon emission computed tomography with histopathologic correlation in gliomas.

OBJECTIVE: : To determine and compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Technetium 99m glucohepatonic acid single photon emission computed tomography (Tc-GHA SPECT) in grading of gliomas, compared with neuropathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : The study included 20 adult patients (13 men and 7 women) with clinical/radiological suspicion of brain tumor (glial tumor) who were subjected to magnetic resonance examination and Tc-GHA brain SPECT.The lesions were evaluated by using MRI imaging score, based on 9 MRI criteria. Based on the discrimination threshold of 0.9 for mean MRI score, the gliomas were graded as low- or high-grade glioma. The Tc-GHA SPECT retention index was calculated as the ratio between delayed and early uptake ratios. Based on the discrimination threshold of 1 for Tc-GHA SPECT retention index, the gliomas were graded as low- or high-grade glioma.The diagnosis was verified by means of histopathologic examination in all patients (open surgery in 19 patients and stereotactic biopsy in 1 patient). Correlation between MRI findings/scores, SPECT scores, and histopathologic grades was done in all the patients, and comparison between MRI and Tc-GHA SPECT was made using paired Student t test and correlation coefficient. RESULTS: : The study revealed significant difference between the mean MRI scores and early uptake ratio, delayed uptake ratio, and retention index of low-grade (grades I-II) and high-grade (grades III-IV) gliomas. No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated between the abilities of contrast-enhanced MRI and Tc-GHA SPECT to allow differentiation between high- and low-grade gliomas. The accuracy of MRI (78.4%), however, was slightly higher than that of Tc-GHA SPECT (73.68%). However, Tc-GHA SPECT allowed differentiation between high-grade gliomas (between grades III and IV gliomas). CONCLUSIONS: : The accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI in the distinction of high- and low-grade malignancy was higher than that of Tc-GHA SPECT. The performance of Tc-GHA SPECT adds little in determining tumor grade when MRI is performed. However, it may act as a useful adjunct to differentiate between grades III and IV gliomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual mediastinal mass due to metastasis.

During childhood the common anterior middle mediastinal masses are either lymph node enlargement or teratomas/dermoids. A case of ossific mediastinal metastasis and pleural metastases from osteosarcoma, presenting three years after the primary disease (late metastasis) is reported for its rarity.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of ventricular repolarization in an experimental model of arterial hypertension associated with obesity].

UNLABELLED: High fat diet (HFD) in dogs is associated with obesity and hypertension (HTN) but also with a significant and early decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV has been shown to be a good predictor of sudden cardiac death due mainly to arrhythmic event. The aim of this work was to investigate the changes in ventricular repolarization through 24 hours EKG recordings in dogs with hypertension and rendered obese by 20 weeks of HFD. This was achieved through 24 hour EKG recording analysis of QT parameters. The aims of this work was i) feasibility of this method in dogs and ii) identification of potential arrhythmic risk factors that could explain overmortality during obesity. METHOD: Six dogs received a high fat diet (HFD) ad libitum during 20 weeks. A 24 hour EKG recording was realized just before and after 20 weeks of HFD. The following parameters studying QT interval were collected: QT interval lasting from the beginning of the Q wave to the apex (QTa) and to the end of the T wave (QTe), QT intervals plotted against RR intervals and two regression lines were calculated characterized by their slope and intersection with the Y axis, QT dispersion (longest minus shortest QT interval for each RR value) as well as the difference of QT interval between night and day at a fixed RR value considered as a marker of the sympathovagal balance. Our results show that HFD significantly increased body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular mass and insulinemia. QT dispersion was increased in a non-significant manner both during day (+35%) and night (16%) for QTa and only during day for QTe (+27%). This increased dispersion of QT was not associated to any increase of QT interval. There was no effect of HFD on QT dynamicity parameter nor on the night-day difference at any RR interval from 300 to 1,300 ms. CONCLUSION: HFD tend increase QT dispersion without any effect on QT interval. These results are compatible with a heterogeneous repolarization probably related to abnormal autonomic nervous system tone. This study could partly explain occurrence of lethal arrhythmias during obesity which might lead to overmortality of obese patients. These results are different for QTa and QTe, but these two parameters are characterizing different type of ventricular cells. This study confirms the feasibility of this method in an experimental model, but results need to be validated in larger groups and in human.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early atrial gene regulation of obesity-related arterial hypertension].

High fat diet (HFD) induces both arterial hypertension and tachycardia in dogs. Changes in heart rate occur early and are in part due to a decrease in the parasympathetic drive to the heart secondary to down-regulation of atrial muscarinic M2 receptors (Pelat et al. Hypertension 1999; 340: 1066-72). These data suggest that HFD is able to modify genic expression at atrial level. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a systematic study of the genic expression profile in dogs made obese and hypertensive by 9 weeks of HFD. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by telemetry implanted 15 days before starting regimen in 6 HFD and in 6 control dogs. HFD was the normal canine diet administered to controls but mixed with 300 g of beef fat. At the end of the experience, animals were sacrified and right atria were collected. Gene regulation was assessed in pooled tissue samples from both groups using suppressive substractive hybridization and microarray analysis. Genes with induction or repression rates of at least 20% when compared to controls were sequenced. As previously reported HFD induced a significant increase in body weight, blood pressure and heart rate when compared to controls. The results of SSH experiments led to the identification of 32 genes which are differentially regulated in atria from HFD dogs. Most are genes encoding proteins which have been previously shown to be regulated during various cardiopathies (MMP9, Na/K-ATPase 3...). These changes indicate the existence of early remodeling processes of atrial myocardium secondary to HFD. Other group of genes encodes proteins with no role identified in heart up today (lec-3, ERK-3, TRIP1, nucleophosmin...) or which function remains totally unknown. This work confirms that HFD is associated with early changes in gene expression in atrium. These changes are unlikely to be related to ventricular hypertrophy which is observed only during long-term HFD. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the role of these modifications in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the increase in heart rate in this model of obesity-related arterial hypertension.

Animals↗