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A Paxton

Publications and source records attributed to A Paxton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Rapid assessment of trachoma prevalence--Singida, Tanzania. A study to compare assessment methods.

This article presents a methodology for the rapid assessment of trachoma that was validated against a prevalence survey, undertaken simultaneously in the same 12 villages in central Tanzania. The rapid assessment protocol suggests examinations for active trachoma in 50 children ages 1-10 in at least 20 households chosen from the high-risk neighborhoods in each village. Women over the age of 15 in the same households were examined for trichiasis. In the rapid assessment, 244 households were visited, with 691 children and 470 women examined. In the prevalence survey, 377 households were visited, with 1855 children and 1310 women examined. Rankings of the villages using population prevalence of active disease and rapid assessment prevalence of active disease are highly correlated (Spearman correlation = 0.59, p < 0.05). In fact, the three villages with the highest prevalence in the population data were identified as the villages with the highest prevalence by the rapid assessment. Although rankings of the villages using population prevalence of trichiasis and rapid assessment prevalence of trichiasis are positively correlated, this correlation is not significantly different from zero, the village with the highest trichiasis prevalence according to the random sample being ranked as 8th by the rapid assessment. The cost of the rapid assessment was roughly one-third the cost of the prevalence survey. Thus, it appears that the rapid assessment method can quickly and inexpensively determine which villages have the greatest amount of active disease in children, and roughly estimate the burden of trichiasis in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Maternal body fat and water during pregnancy: do they raise infant birth weight?

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the relation to infant birth weight of maternal fat and lean tissue during early and late pregnancy. DESIGN: Total and net maternal pregnancy weight, fat, and water were determined from measurements of total body water, body density, and bone mineral mass in 200 women, with the use of a multicompartment model for body fat estimation in early and late pregnancy. Regression modeling was used to determine the relation of maternal body composition to birth weight, with control for maternal age, height, parity, and race and for infant gestational age and sex. RESULTS: Maternal weight and body water at term were significantly associated with infant birth weight, but maternal body fat at term was not. These relations remained when maternal net values were used for weight, fat, and water to eliminate the contribution of the conceptus to these components. CONCLUSION: In well-nourished women delivering at term, maternal body fat near term does not contribute significantly to infant birth weight, but maternal body water does.

Adipose Tissue↗