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Biomedical subjects

A Perrot

Publications and source records attributed to A Perrot.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Catecholaminergic metabolism and autism.

The authors determined levels of dopamine (DA) and its derivatives homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3 methoxytyramine and norepinephrine + epinephrine (NE + E) in the urine, and DA, E and NE in the whole blood of 50 autistic children aged between 1 year 11 months and 16 years. An association was tested for between markers coding for the enzymes and D3 dopaminergic receptor genes implicated in the monoaminergic pathway and autism, using restriction fragment-length polymorphism. There were significant modifications of catecholamine metabolites, but no difference for allele frequencies of the genes coding for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase and DRD3 in this population compared with a healthy school population matched for chronological age. However, some of the data encourage a more complete study of chromosome 11.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Possible association of c-Harvey-Ras-1 (HRAS-1) marker with autism.

We tested for an association between autism and genes coding for enzymes involved in monoaminergic metabolism and for a linked marker, c-Harvey-Ras-1 (HRAS 1), using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We did not find evidence of an association between autism and genes coding for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and tryptophan hydroxylase. However, we report a positive association between autism and the locus containing the gene for HRAS-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Blind ratings of early symptoms of autism based upon family home movies.

Ratings of family home movies of 12 infants (0 to 2 years old) who were later diagnosed as autistic and 12 normal infants were performed by two diagnosis-blind psychiatrists with Infant Behavior Summarized Evaluation scale. The objective was to identify early symptoms of autism and their intensity and frequency before and after 1 year of age. Several pathological types of behavior related to socialization, communication, motility, and attention were noted during the first year of infant life and differentiated autistic and normal groups. These same differentiating behaviors, observed again in the second year, were more intense and associated with other pathological types of behavior, in particular, gaze avoidance, hypoactivity, and absence of emotional expressions. Analysis of the evolution of behavioral pathology in autistic children as a group during the 2 first years of life confirms the persistence of and the increase in some types of abnormality related to socialization, communication, motility, and attention functions. The limitations and values of this study concerning the early identification of autistic symptoms and functional impairments from home movies for diagnosis and establishing individualized treatment program are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

[Childhood autism: a relating deficiency due to a developmental disorder of the central nervous system].

Childhood autism with its difficulties in relating to others has been for a long time imputed to conscious or unconscious educative errors of the mother. Clinical and biological data can be opposed to this conception. Familial movies analysis exhibits early disorders in attention, perception, intention, limitation and muscular tone. Later, recording of cerebral reactivity to auditory stimulations confirms deficiencies in attention, perception, association ... and shows a diminution of the responses in the left hemisphere. Abnormalities in the development of the cerebellum are also described. Modifications of main neurotransmitters as Dopamine and Serotonin and their derivatives are often present. A recent study of the genes which control enzymes regulating metabolism of these transmitters does not show evident modifications by polymorphism analysis. On the contrary a peculiarity in the Harvey-RAS gene allows to differentiate in a significant way an autistic and a normal group. This gene is involved in the regulation of growth factor and/or differentiation of neural cells. These observations support the hypothesis considering autism as a relating deficiency due to a developmental disorder of central nervous system.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Autistic children and the object permanence task.

Many mentally retarded autistic children can understand the concept of object permanence, but, in comparison to developmental-age matched normal children, the behavioral strategies they employ in carrying out the Casati-Lezine Object Permanence Test are deficient and lead to failure. These deficiencies appear unrelated to interference of stereotypic or other bizarre behavior in task performance. Similar problem-solving deficiencies can be found in mentally retarded children who are not autistic, suggesting that the deficiencies themselves are less related to the social-communication deficits of autistic children, but more to the general problem-solving difficulties found in children with a lower developmental quotient. Nevertheless, the qualitative analysis of results shows a tendency in autistic children, despite their better developmental level, to use less coordinated and regular sequences to solve the task than normal or mentally retarded children.

Attention↗
PubMed1992

Sensitivity and specificity of the Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) for the assessment of autistic behaviors.

The Behavior Summarized Evaluation (BSE), developed for the assessment of autistic behavior, was specifically designed to evaluate the severity of behavioral problems in autistic children involved in bioclinical and therapeutic studies. The reliability studies and the factorial analysis of this scale have been previously published. The present paper examines the effectiveness of the BSE to discriminate 58 autistic from 58 nonautistic mentally retarded children. The BSE clearly separated the two samples of children. A most efficient combination of 8 items emerged from the stepwise item selection procedure. The between-group differences were highest on 4 items, indicating that the most particular pattern in autistic compared to nonautistic children could be the association of autistic withdrawal and stereotypic behaviors. Our findings suggest that the BSE could help in the detection and evaluation of autistic developmental deviance. Implications for further research are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Validity and reliability of the infant behavioral summarized evaluation (IBSE): a rating scale for the assessment of young children with autism and developmental disorders.

The Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (IBSE) is a rating scale adapted from the Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) and specifically related to the assessment of behaviors of young children having autistic disorders. Content validity and reliability studies described in the paper were made from behavior ratings of videotapes for 89 children aged from 6 to 48 months. Results show a significant group of 19 items including some characteristic early autistic behaviors (communicative and social abnormalities) and some that are less commonly described in the syndrome (attentional, perceptive, and adaptive disorders). The value of the use of this scale for clinicians and professionals involved in behavioral evaluations and treatment of young children with developmental disorders and the necessity for further psychometric investigations are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Early symptoms in autism from family home movies. Evaluation and comparison between 1st and 2nd year of life using I.B.S.E. scale.

The analysis of 11 home movies taken by parents before the recognition of autistic or atypical disorders of their own child has confirmed the major value of this method for describing early pathological signs. Symptomatology analysis has revealed anomalies of eye contact, a deficiency and variability of emotional expression, a defect of attention and initiation of communication, as well as motor abnormalities. The comparison of the frequency of abnormal behaviour, assessed with a rating scale among three groups of children (autistic, pervasive developmental disorders and normal) revealed behavioural differences as a function of early age and diagnosis, which concern not only social and communicative behaviours, but those of emotion and attention as well. The limits and interest of this methodological approach are discussed and the possibilities of subsequently using these documents in a more complete method, such as blind examination and scoring by uninformed investigators, are suggested.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1992

[The value of retrograde urethrography in the diagnosis of sub-urethral diverticula in women].

Urethral diverticulum in women is not a frequent disease. The diagnosis of this lesion is based on history and careful physical examination looking for a swelling on the anterior vaginal wall. A study of 15 cases is reported. The authors insist on investigations as a help to confirm and localise the diverticulum. A new technique of retrograde urethrography using a prehension cannula ("Bomelaer") is described. By this well tolerated and minimally invasive test, the visualisation of the urethral diverticulum was obtained in 14/15 patients. Associated with intravenous urography, it is certainly the most adapted strategy for diagnosis and management.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1991

Autism and family home movies: preliminary findings.

Preliminary analyses of 12 home movies taken by parents before the recognition of autistic disorders of their own child confirm the major value of this method for describing early signs: anomalies of eye contact, deficient variability of emotional expression, defect of attention and initiation of communication, motor abnormalities, etc. The possibilities of subsequently using these documents in a research context are described: behavior assignment with a rating scale, comparative analysis with movies of normal children, blind examination, and scoring by investigators not informed of the diagnosis.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[A psychiatric consultation service at a pediatric hospital. Definitions, nomenclature, perspectives].

A psychiatric consultation service has been implanted for the last 15 years at the Children's Hospital of Tours. It co-ordinates pediatric psychiatric activities on the various wards of this large pediatric center (200 beds). All pediatric psychiatry personnel belong to this autonomous unit which plans their work: clinical care and liaisons, teaching and research activities. This unit manages 1,000 cases a year: 20% of children are aged 0 to 2 years, 40% are under 5 years of age. This type of structure in a university pediatric hospital fosters considerably an early diagnosis and the prompt triaging of children to the services available in their home districts for appropriate care. Furthermore, it facilitates a comprehensive approach with appropriate integration of the somatic and of the psychodynamic dimensions of the child. This type of implantation constitutes a significant step forward in the field. However, its professional activities are handicapped because of the discrepancy between resources made available to psychiatry and pediatrics due to the failure to take into account the type of interventions required of the pediatric psychiatrist. In the hope of remedying these problems of evaluating the services distributed by psychiatry to young children hospitalized in clinical units, we present a specific nomenclature, elaborated after several years of experience. It classifies services in four large categories: Consultation and liaison in in-patient care units; chronic care carried out on a part time basis; admissions to the Pediatric Psychiatry Unit in beds belonging to various pediatric services; complete workups in day care beds.

Adolescent↗