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Biomedical subjects

A Pesce

Publications and source records attributed to A Pesce.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Jejunal versus ileal segmental allografts in the dog: comparison of immunologic and functional results.

Segmental small-bowel grafts have been advocated as a means of reducing the incidence of rejection and graft-versus-host disease in small-bowel transplant recipients. This study compared the results achieved with heterotopic segmental allografts of the jejunum and the ileum that used 120 cm Thiry-Vella loops in a dog model. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of 25 mg cyclosporine/kg/day. Results were monitored by histologic examinations, function tests (maltose and xylose absorption), and brush-border enzyme assays. Thirty-three dogs were randomized for use as a donor (n = 11) or recipient of a jejunal allograft (n = 11) or an ileal allograft (n = 11). Eight allografts were technical failures and were excluded from analysis. Fourteen allografts were successful (eight ileal, six jejunal). No case of graft-versus-host disease was observed. Six allografts (42.5%, three jejunal [50%] and three ileal [37.5%]) were rejected during the first 3 months (not statistically significant). Eight allografts (five ileal, three jejunal) were tolerated for up to 3 months and were removed. Two ileal and two jejunal allografts appeared grossly normal at surgical removal, but two ileal and one jejunal allografts exhibited signs of chronic rejection, and one ileal allograft showed advanced rejection. The jejunal and ileal allografts had similar clinical courses, as were revealed by immunologic reactions and functional parameters. We conclude that there is no major difference between jejunal allografts and ileal allografts in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Microbiologic profile of ceftibuten, a new oral cephalosporin.

The bactericidal activity of ceftibuten, alone and in combination with other drugs, has been assessed in vitro. The ability to induce a post-antibiotic effect (PAE), the rate of emergence of spontaneous resistant mutants, and the presence of Eagle's phenomenon were also investigated. Ceftibuten rapidly killed most Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Moraxella and Streptococcus species tested, including beta-lactamase-producing strains with over 90% cfu reduction after only 2 h. Using chequerboard and time-kill tests, ceftibuten was found to react synergistically with aminoglycosides, and to give an indifferent response with ofloxacin against a large number of Gram-negative aerobes and streptococci. Antagonism was never observed. Ceftibuten induced a PAE of approximately 1 h on S. pneumoniae. As expected, no PAE was observed with Gram-negative species. Spontaneous emergence of ceftibuten-resistant strains exposed to supra-MICs of the drug was rare (< or = 10(-8)) in all pathogens tested. No marked Eagle effect was detected when bacteria were treated with ceftibuten at concentrations exceeding 100-fold their MICs. This rules out the possibility that in vivo the high concentrations of ceftibuten reached in the urinary tract may hinder its excellent bactericidal activity.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Segmental small intestine transplantation in dogs: comparison between a jejunal graft and an ileal graft].

The aim of this study was to compare segmental grafts of jejunum and ileum in a dog model. 14 segmental grafts, 8 ileal (Il. A) and 6 jejunal (Jej. A.), were successfully allografted as 120 cm-Thiry-Vella segments. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of cyclosporin 25 mg/kg/day per os. Monitoring was performed by histology and absorption (maltose and xylose) studies as well as analysis of brush border enzymes. No cases of Graft-versus-host disease were observed. Six allografts (42.5 per cent) including 3 Jej. A. (50 per cent) and 3 Il. A. (37.5 per cent) were rejected during the first three months. Eight allografts (5 Il. A. and 3 Jej. A.) were tolerated for up to 3 months and were removed: 2 Il. A. and 2 Jej. A. were normal, while 2 Il. A. and one Jej. A presented with signs of chronic rejection and one Il. A. with advanced rejection. Jej. A. and Il. A. showed a similar course, by means of immunologic reactions as well as functional characteristics. It is concluded that there is no major difference between Jej. A. and Il. A. in the dog. Because of the specialized absorptive functions of the ileum and its adaptative properties, ileal segmental grafts should be preferred to jejunal grafts for the treatment of short-gut syndrome.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in elderly subjects].

During an 8-year period, 35 patients aged over 60 and presenting with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were observed. At the time of diagnosis, 51.5 percent had haemorrhages which were major in 26 percent of the cases. Response to various treatments, notably corticosteroid therapy, was weak (43 percent). During the course of the disease, 2 patients (5.7 percent) died of cerebral haemorrhage. This series confirms the importance of haemorrhagic syndrome and the resistance to treatment of the elderly as opposed to younger subjects. This is probably due to the heterogeneity of purpura in old age: in a number of patients purpura corresponded to refractory chronic thrombocytopenia or to chronic thrombocytopenia associated with carcinoma.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

Antibacterial activity of ceftibuten, a new oral third generation cephalosporin.

Ceftibuten, a new oral third generation cephalosporin, was found to be the most active beta-lactam drug tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most strains at less than 4 micrograms/ml. All isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria spp. were highly susceptible to ceftibuten. Penicillin-sensitive pneumococci and pathogenic beta-hemolitic streptococci were also killed by ceftibuten. The antibacterial activity of this new drug, which results in rapid lysis of susceptible cells, was not significantly affected by serum, pH, inoculum size, media composition and growth conditions. Ceftibuten is characterized by a remarkable resistance to inactivation by most beta-lactamases synthetized by common gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. The potent in vitro activity of ceftibuten in conjunction with its favorable pharmacokinetic profile render this new molecule an attractive candidate for the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections sustained by susceptible pathogens.

Ceftibuten↗
PubMed1991

Plasma catecholamine levels in cyclic antidepressant overdose.

Cyclic antidepressant overdose is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in self-poisoned patients. The major cause of mortality with cyclic antidepressant overdose is cardiotoxicity. We determined plasma catecholamine levels in 41 symptomatic acute overdose patients to identify interactions between QRS duration (a marker for cardiotoxicity) and a presumed hyper-adrenergic state. Using a linear multivariable regression analysis, QRS duration correlated with the presence of cyclic antidepressant, plasma norepinephrine levels, the ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine level, and pulse rate (p less than 0.001, r2 = 0.42). Commensurate physiologic changes were not found in the presence of elevated catecholamine levels in the cyclic antidepressant overdose group. One possible explanation for the blunted systemic response to the elevated catecholamine levels is adrenergic desensitization. Investigation of serial catecholamine levels during cyclic antidepressant overdose may lead to modification of our current theories of cardiotoxicity and therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Factor V-specific circulating anticoagulant and enteropathy. 2 cases].

Two patients with Factor V-specific circulating anticoagulant are presented: one had coeliac disease, the other Crohn's disease. In both patients the inhibitor appeared during flare-ups of the disease and disappeared during remission. This sequence was repeated after 1 year in one case, which seems to exclude a fortuitous association. No haemorrhage was observed. None of the usual aetiological circumstances was noted, which suggests that the condition was most probably auto-immune.

Adult↗