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Biomedical subjects

A Pollack

Publications and source records attributed to A Pollack.

224 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser treatment of eye disorders in children.

The increasing range of indications for laser treatment and the development of new modalities of lasering have led to a growing tendency to extend this type of treatment to the pediatric population. Problems of compliance in this age group often necessitate the use of general anesthesia. This report describes the operative technique used in 11 children (13 eyes) under the age of 13 years, all of whom underwent laser treatment under general anesthesia for a variety of ocular conditions. Argon or krypton laser photocoagulation was performed in eight children (10 eyes), seven of whom were treated for various retinal pathologies and one for an iris cyst. The other three children underwent Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy for secondary cataract.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory effect of lycopene on cataract development in galactosemic rats.

This study investigated the effect of antioxidants on cataract formation in galactosemic rats. Two antioxicants were compared: lycopene, a carotenoid derived from tomato, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a known antioxidant substance. The control group was fed with galactose 30%. The experimental groups received, in addition to galactose 30%, either lycopene 0.8% or BHT 0.2%. Cataractogenesis was evaluated by the incidence of cataract, grading of cataract, histology of the lenses, aldose reductase (AR) activity, protein levels, and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents in the lens. In both experiemtal groups: 1) the incidence and grading of cataract were lower, 2) the protein levels and GSH content were higher, and 3) the AR was decreased compared to the control group. In conclusion, "natural antioxidants" such as lycopene derived from tomato have a similar effect as BHT in delaying cataractogenesis in rats.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis: two distinct populations of anti-DNA and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies.

A woman with a four-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed myasthenia gravis (MG). The clinical features of lupus disappeared slowly while the myasthenic syndrome became predominant. However, her serum was positive for anti-DNA and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Cross-reactivity between anti-DNA antibodies and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies was not demonstrated, suggesting the presence of two different populations. A cellular immunology profile was normal as expected in MG and in contrast to SLE. Conceivably, SLE and MG might represent two opposite extremes in the spectrum of autoimmune diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New approaches for the prevention of rejection and graft-vs.-host disease in clinical bone marrow transplantation.

The two major barriers to successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in animals and man are graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and the risk of graft rejection. GVHD is the result of alloreactivity of mature donor T-lymphocytes present in the graft-vs.-host tissues and can be completely prevented by pregraft depletion of T-lymphocytes. Graft rejection results from residual host immunocompetent lymphocytes that survive heavy chemoradiotherapy prior to allogeneic BMT. Host resistance to allograft cannot be eradicated even by conventional conditioning with high-dose cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and lethal whole body irradiation (1,200 rad). In the present report we have utilized two new techniques to overcome GVHD and graft rejection following allogeneic BMT. GVHD can be prevented by a new monoclonal rat antihuman lymphocyte antibody, CAMPATH-1, which binds human complement, enabling donor serum to serve as the source of complement. Prevention of rejection of T-lymphocyte-depleted marrow allografts can be achieved by the application of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in addition to conventional chemoradiotherapy, prior to allogeneic BMT. TLI causes potent immunosuppression with minimal side effects. A combination of TLI for overcoming host resistance to allograft, and CAMPATH-1 for overcoming GVHD, leads to a relatively smooth posttransplant outcome with no evidence of GVHD and with no need for posttransplant immunosuppression.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scialom pin implants.

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Dental Implantation↗