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Biomedical subjects

A Polliack

Publications and source records attributed to A Polliack.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A new myelomonoblastic cell line (M20): analysis of properties, differentiation, and comparison with other established lines of similar origin.

A new myelomonoblastic cell line (M20) was established from the peripheral blood of a ten-year-old child with acute myeloblastic leukemia, using an improved method for supporting the initial stages of cell proliferation. The addition of irradiated macrophage monolayers to the proliferating cells appeared to overcome the deterioration of the primary cultures and enable them to continue proliferating until they became independent of this environment. The cell line that developed consisted of myeloblasts and promyelocytes characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and enzymatic activities. The cells expressed Fc receptors and WT1 antigens but did not exhibit HLA-DR, HMA1, Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, and surface Ig. The M20 cells produced colonies when cultured in semisolid medium and secreted lysozyme, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin 1. An attempt was also made to analyse the position of the M20 cells in the scheme of differentiation of the myelomonocytic lineage using different approaches. Treatment of the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate induced their adherence to plastic surfaces and partial maturation to macrophages as judged by morphological criteria, cytochemistry, and enzyme activities. However, comparison of the M20 cells to other well-established myelomonoblastic cell lines did not reveal any pattern suggesting a possible relationship between surface markers, cell function, and differentiation pathway of the various cell lines tested. Establishment of additional cell lines and identification of new markers may assist in defining the mechanisms involved in normal differentiation and malignant transformation of this cell lineage. In addition, such cell lines may also provide a tool for the quantitative recovery of a variety of monokines.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hairy cell leukemia: reevaluation of cell surface features under the scanning electron microscope, using the "GTGO" air drying and critical point drying procedures.

In the present study, the GTGO--air drying (AD) preparatory procedure for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to reevaluate the surface features of hairy cells (HCs) obtained from 18 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The GTGO-AD procedure, described in earlier studies, involves glutaraldehyde (G) fixation of suspended cells, followed by tannic acid (T)--guanidine hydrochloride (G) treatment of substrate-attached cells, immersion in osmium tetroxide (O), and subsequent air drying (from absolute Freon 113) of dehydrated cells. Both air-dried and critical point dried GTGO-treated cells from patients with lymphocytic, monocytic and hairy cell leukemias, displayed excellent preservation of their surface microvilli and/or ruffles with minimal cell shrinkage. Generally, only two types of hairy cells were identified: (i) cells displaying areas of ruffles alongside areas of clustered microvilli, and (ii) cells showing microvilli scattered among ruffles. Peripheral blood hairy cells showed the same features as those isolated from the spleens involved with HCL and consistently exhibited both ruffles and microvilli. In all studied cases, cells displaying only ruffles or microvilli were not frequently encountered, although ruffled cells with very short and delicate microvilli, and villous cells with small ruffles were seen. Hairy cells, kept in culture for up to 7 days, displayed extreme polarization of their microprojections and very active surfaces, with elongated microvilli and broad-based ruffles. In the light of these results, it is clear that GTGO-AD has much to offer in determining the surface features of circulating and cultured hairy cells and other types of leukemic cells.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1984

Coexistence of myelomonocytic leukemia and monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma. Simultaneous presentation in three patients.

The coexistence of monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma and nonlymphoblastic leukemia is reported in three untreated patients. One patient had IgG kappa myeloma and monoblastic leukemia, whereas the two others had IgA paraprotein in association with chronic granulocytic and acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, respectively. Simultaneous presentation of monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma and nonlymphoblastic leukemia is rare, and this report reviews the possible pathogenesis of this phenomena.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

CNS involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Response to a standard therapeutic protocol.

Treatment results of 31 episodes of CNS involvement by malignant lymphoma diagnosed in 24 patients were studied. Leptomeningeal involvement occurred in 16 patients, intracerebral invasion in eight patients, and epidural cord compression in seven patients. Twelve patients with leptomeningeal involvement treated with intraventricular methotrexate sodium achieved complete CSF remission and ten patients' conditions improved neurologically. Five of the patients with epidural cord compression were ambulatory following treatment. Complete resolution of intracerebral lymphoma was documented by computed tomographic scan in four patients. The overall median survival was nine months, eight months for leptomeningeal involvement, five months for intracerebral lymphoma, and 12 months for patients with cord compression. Our results suggest that all forms of CNS lymphoma usually respond well to therapy, life span is prolonged, and is free of CNS disease until patients die of uncontrolled systemic lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Concanavalin A receptors on the surface membrane of lymphocytes from patients with acute leukemia.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) isolated from 23 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 24 with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were studied for binding and mobility of Concanavalin A (Con A) receptors, using fluorescent Con A (F-Con-A). The cap forming ability of PBM from all patients was 18.7 (+/- 9.3%) and 18.9 (+/- 9.9%) for ANLL patients at the time of diagnosis or during relapse. During clinical complete remission the cap forming ability of the PBM did not change significantly. No correlation was observed between the percentage of blasts present in the peripheral blood at the time of examination and the extent of cap formation, for both types of leukemia. The pattern of F-Con-A binding to PBM in ANLL patients was different compared to that seen in ALL. In ANLL, the fluorescent stain was concentrated in a round body on the cell ("button form") after binding to the membrane, while the rest of the cell showed almost no fluorescence. The present results indicate that PBM cells from patients with acute leukemia are characterized by a high degree of Con-A receptor mobility.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1984

Prolymphocytic leukaemia: surface morphology in 21 cases as seen by scanning electron microscopy and comparison with B-type CLL and CLL in 'prolymphocytoid' transformation.

The surface architecture of leukaemic cells obtained from 21 cases of proven prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) and eight cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with 'prolymphocytoid' transformation (PL-CLL) was compared with the cell surface morphology of leukaemic cells obtained from 46 cases of B-type CLL, using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). All cases were defined by cytochemistry, immunological markers and transmission electron microscopy prior to SEM examination. B-CLL cells showed the well-recognized spectrum of surface architecture described in earlier studies. The majority of cells had moderate numbers of short microvilli, although in a minority, cells with relatively smooth surfaces predominated. In seven of the eight cases of PL-CLL, cells were villous in nature and in this respect similar to CLL cells; however, more cells with dense microvilli were seen. The prolymphocytic cells were recognized by their larger size and in 18 of the 19 cases of B-derived PLL, villous cells predominated. Two cases of T-derived PLL showed variable cell surface morphology ranging from smooth to moderately villous. It appears that B-PLL cells are most frequently villous and display more surface microvilli than B-CLL cells. B-prolymphocytes display the surface features regarded as characteristic for neoplastic B-cells as seen in patients with B-type lymphoma and leukaemia.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1984

Hairy cell leukemia: report of an unusual case with hepatomegaly due to a large vascular tumor of the liver, mediastinal mass and pleural effusion containing hairy cells.

An unusual patient with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) who developed marked hepatomegaly due to a large vascular tumor in the liver is reported. The relation of this vascular tumor to the microscopic splenic pseudosinuses and hepatic angiomatous lesions encountered in HCL is discussed. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first case report of the association of HCL with large macroscopic hemangioma of the liver causing hepatomegaly. The patient also developed a large paratracheal mediastinal mass with a recurrent pleural effusion which was shown to contain many typical hairy cells. This rare finding is discussed in relation to the isolated cases of lymphocytic lymphoma who present with clinical and morphological features mimicking HCL. This patient had HCL according to all established criteria with characteristic morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural features and the pleural effusion and mediastinal mass were most probably part of the HCL neoplasia, despite the fact that biopsy was not performed.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Acridinyl anisidide (m-AMSA) therapy in 11 patients with refractory acute leukemia.

Eleven patients with acute leukemia, refractory to all previous chemotherapy, were treated with acridinyl anisidide (m-AMSA). Seven patients received m-AMSA i.v. as a single agent at 150 mg/m2 daily for 4 to 7 days, and 4 patients received m-AMSA at 90 mg/m2 daily for 3 days in combination with thioguanine and cytosine arabinoside. Four of the nine patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia responded to the treatment, and complete remission was obtained in three of them. One of these patients remained in complete remission 5 months after therapy. Three of the four responding patients received m-AMSA as a single agent. Two patients with resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not respond. As in earlier trials with m-AMSA reported by others, about one-third of our refractory patients responded, which justifies the future use of this agent in refractory leukemia and in other regimens for the induction of remission in acute leukemia. Despite minimal cardiotoxicity of the drug, evidence of its cardiotoxic potential is recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in serum-free medium: a functional and morphological study using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Mononuclear cells of the human peripheral blood (PBMs), separated by the gradient-centrifugation technique, were cultured in serum-free medium. After separation into adherent cells (A-PBMs) and non-adherent cells (NA-PBMs), morphological differences between the two cell populations were observed. A-PBMs grew in serum-free culture for up to 70 days and the NA-PBMs for 30 days, without loss of viability. Cells were examined for phagocytosis of latex particles and prostaglandin secretion (PGE2 and thromboxane), in particular. Of all cells studied, the young adherent cells (3-7 days in culture) were the most efficient in performing these functions. In mixed cultures, containing A-PBMs and NA-PBMs, attachments between both cell types via elongated cytoplasmic extensions were seen. Toward the end of the culture period, a dense cellular network developed on the substrate of the culture chamber. This phenomenon has not been reported for PBMs culture using conventional serum-enriched media.

Blood↗
PubMed1983

Surface morphology and membrane phenotype of cultured human leukemia-lymphoma cells. A scanning electron microscopic study of 36 cell lines.

Scanning electron microscopy and immunologic methods, to detect the expression of a variety of surface markers, were performed on cells from 36 established human leukemia-lymphoid cell lines. Attempts were made to correlate the surface morphologic findings with the membrane phenotype as determined by the presence or absence of a number of specific antigens and B- or T-cell markers. Thirteen of the cell lines were of the T-lymphoid type, 15 B-derived, and eight were defined as non-B non-T in nature. All the lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had similar surface topographies and generally displayed relatively smooth surfaces with few microvilli, while in some a proportion of moderately villous cells was evident. Burkitt's lymphoma cells tended to show more villous surfaces but, similar to circulating B-ALL cells, variable numbers of microvilli were frequently seen making consistent distinctions between this and other lymphoid leukemias difficult in individual cases. Two of the non-B non-T lines are known to be of erythroid (K-562) and myeloid origin (HL-60), respectively. In both these lines, cells with relatively few microprojections dominated; however, some showed transverse ridge-like profiles, a feature frequently encountered on circulating leukemic cells of myeloid type.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1983

Utilization of monoclonal antibodies and immuno-scanning electron microscopy for the positive identification of human leukemic cells.

Monoclonal antibodies generated against normal and leukemic human leukocytes were tested for their differential reactivity with leukemia and lymphoma cell lines as well as with circulating lymphoid and myeloid leukemic cells by means of immuno-scanning electron microscopy (immuno-SEM). Anti-T (OKT3), anti-mu-chain, anti-CALLA (J5), anti-BA-1, anti-BA-2, and anti-nonlymphoid (Mol) monoclonal antibodies were covalently conjugated to polystyrene latex microspheres (immunolatex), using a two-step glutaraldehyde reaction, and subsequently incubated with the various cell types. Cultured B-type Burkitt lymphoma cells (Daudi) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells displayed extensive labeling with monoclonal anti-mu, anti-B1, and anti-BA-1 immunolatex conjugates, while cultured malignant T cells (HD-Mar) showed positive labeling with OKT3 immunolatex alone. Cultured myelomonocytic cells (GDM-1) and cells obtained from patients with acute myeloblastic (AML) and monoblastic leukemia (AMoL) labeled only with anti-Mol immunolatex, while cultured promyelocytic cells (HL-60) displayed far less labeling with this conjugate. Common-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (C/ALL) cells were labeled predominantly with the J5 (anti-CALLA) and anti-BA-2 immunolatex conjugates. Evidence is presented indicating that immuno-SEM employing monoclonal antibodies is a reproducible technique which may be used in the study of leukocyte maturation and may provide additional information in the classification of poorly differentiated leukemias.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Secondary leukemia following treatment of Hodgkin's disease: ultrastructural and cytogenetic data in two cases with a review of the literature.

Two cases of secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia developing after combined chemo-radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD) are reported. The first case was a 28-year-old woman with PSIIIsA HD, treated with total lymphoid irradiation followed by combination chemotherapy that was almost entirely ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine), who developed acute monoblastic leukemia three years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. We believe this to be the first reported case of secondary leukemia associated with the combination of radiotherapy and ABVD chemotherapy. The second case was a 37-year-old man with Stage IVB Hodgkin's disease, treated with radiotherapy and MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia five years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Both cases showed typical changes of panmyelosis demonstrated by cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. In both cases, bone marrow cells had a dominant clone with a markedly abnormal karyotype. The nature of therapy-related secondary leukemia after Hodgkin's disease and its relationship to current modes of treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Air-drying of human leucocytes for scanning electron microscopy using the GTGO procedure.

The utilization of tannic acid and guanidine hydrochloride as mordants for better osmium binding has been shown to serve as an excellent alternative to metal coating of organ tissue specimens for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The present report describes the GTGO procedure, a modification of the TAO technique introduced by Murakami et al. (1977, 1978), which we have found successful for the preparation of air dried peripheral blood leucocytes for SEM studies. Air dried, GTGO-treated leucocytes show excellent preservation of surface features with minimal cell shrinkage. When critical point dried, GTGO-treated cells are examined, they also show less shrinkage than cells prepared with standard glutaraldehyde fixation and critical point drying. The potential application of this air drying procedure (GTGO-AD) to other soft biological specimens is currently under investigation. This technique is recommended as a new and effective air drying procedure for the successful preparation of cells for SEM.

Freeze Drying↗
PubMed1983

Surface features of leukaemic megakaryocytic precursors. A study of 5 cases of megakaryoblastic leukaemia with scanning electron microscopy.

Megakaryoblasts and maturing megakaryocytic precursor cells from 5 patients with megakaryoblastic leukaemia were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The diagnosis in all cases had been established by ultrastructural cytochemistry on the basis of a positive platelet peroxidase reaction with negative staining for myeloperoxidase. 1 case presented as acute myelofibrosis and 4 as acute megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Under the SEM, megakaryoblasts and maturing megakaryocytic precursors showed typical surface features including the presence of rounded and irregular blebs, broad folds and pseudopodia. The nature of these surface blebs is still unclear but they probably represent surface membrane alterations relating to imminent platelet shedding at least in the more mature precursors. These surface microprojections are distinctly different from those encountered on leukaemic lymphoblasts, myeloblasts and monoblasts. It is suggested that SEM may be used in conjunction with the PPO reaction as in aid in the diagnosis of megakaryocytic leukaemias.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1983

Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of a monoclonal, Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) transformed human cell line producing rheumatoid factor in-vitro.

Selected lymphocytes from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis were infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the emerging cell line (RF-AN) has now been successfully maintained in culture for more than two years. Multiparameter studies, including surface markers, ultra-structure and scanning immuno-electron microscopy, were utilized to characterize and evaluate this unique human cell line. Like other B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, RF-AN cells display multiple microvilli, contain surface and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgM lambda) and continuously produce monoclonal IgM lambda in vitro. The latter serves as an autoimmune antibody directed against IgG and is termed rheumatoid factor (RF). When RF-AN cells were incubated with human or rabbit IgG conjugated to polystyrene (latex) microspheres, almost all cells were labeled with the marker. However, cells did not label with goat IgG conjugated to latex. RF-AN cells were also labeled with latex microspheres coupled to goat antisera directed against human IgM or lambda chains but not with goat anti-human IgG or anti-human kappa chains. It is suggested that this mode of immunomicroscopy is reliable and may provide more useful data than other standard immunological techniques.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Prothymocytes in postirradiation regenerating rat thymuses: a model for studying early stages in T cell differentiation.

Prothymocytes were obtained from regenerating thymuses of intrathymic-irradiated, bone marrow-shielded rats. In contrast to cortical thymocytes, which are small nondividing cells containing nuclear TdT, prothymocytes are characterized by their large size, high mitotic activity, lack of natural attachment, absence of PNA-binding capacity, nonexpression of membranal thymic specific antigens, and absence of nuclear TdT. In addition, these cells are capable of responding to the mitogens Con-A and PHA, and are sensitive to in vitro lysis by physiologic concentrations of corticosterone and cortisol. Prothymocytes incubated for 3 days on thymic monolayers differentiated into small lymphocytes expressing cortical thymocyte characteristics. Light and electron microscopy studies demonstrated the infiltration of prothymocytes from the circulation via the thymic blood vessel wall into the perivascular sinuses. Prothymocytes isolated from the thymuses, however, did not exhibit specific "homing" to the thymus when transfused back into the animals. In view of the observed accelerated thymic repopulation in adrenalectomized rats, and the high in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity of the prothymocytes, it is suggested that thymic homeostasis is regulated by specific effect of adrenocortical hormones on the prothymocyte subset.

Animals↗