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A Pospischil

Publications and source records attributed to A Pospischil.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Case report: tenesmus in a cow with a liver abscess and nephritis].

A two-year-old Swiss Braunvieh cow was referred to our clinic because of tenesmus and weight loss. Clinical examination revealed a moderately abnormal general behaviour and condition, thin body condition and a rectal temperature of 40.1 degrees C. Tenesmus was evident, and rumen and intestinal motility were markedly reduced. All tests for a reticular foreign body were positive. On rectal examination, a round, smooth, firm, non-painful mass with a diameter of approximately 15 cm was palpated far cranially on the right side. Abnormal haematological and biochemical findings included marked anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, markedly elevated concentration of fibrinogen and mildly elevated gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity. The clotting time of the glutaraldehyde test was one minute. Ultrasonographic examination revealed abscesses involving the liver and extending caudally into the right flank region. The liver parenchyma had diffuse changes. Because of a grave prognosis, the cow was euthanized. Postmortem findings substantiated ultrasonographic results; there were abscesses, caused by Fasciola hepatica infestation, originating in the liver and extending into the right flank. As well, there was severe, bilateral, multifocal, suppurative nephritis due to thromboembolism. Based on all the findings, a diagnosis of liver abscess caused by fascioliasis and bilateral suppurative nephritis was made.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype I in conventionally reared piglets and lambs.

Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium are intracellular parasites that occur throughout the animal kingdom and have been reported in many species of mammals, including human. Most infections in humans are caused by two C. parvum genotypes, genotype I and genotype II; these are the human and the bovine (zoonotic) genotypes, respectively. Successful experimental infection of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype I "human genotype" is described in four conventionally reared piglets and in a lamb. The inoculum was originally obtained from two diarrheic children, and the Cryptosporidium genotypes were determined by PCR and rDNA sequencing. The infective dose was between 10(6) and 2 x 10(6) oocysts. No clinical signs were observed in the infected animals, except in a piglet that showed watery diarrhea. The oocyst shedding period in positive animals ranged between 4 and 10 days. Histopathologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract of two positive piglets revealed shortening of the villi and denudation of the villous tips of the jejunum. In one piglet, the colon mucosa revealed numerous Cryptosporidium oocysts. The storage time of the inocula (< or =3 weeks in PBS at 4 degrees C) and the age of the animal (newborn) were important for the successful induction of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Screening semen from koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) for Chlamydia species by PCR.

Artificial insemination is a valuable method for facilitating genetic exchange between captive colonies of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and for the maintenance of genetically important remnant populations. However, to reduce potential disease transmission, their semen needs to be screened for venereal diseases caused by organisms such as Chlamydia species. Semen samples from 11 koalas, eight of them with clinical signs of cystitis, were examined for the presence of Chlamydia by an optimised PCR assay. Chlamydia was detected in semen from seven of the 11 animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Diagnosis by ultrasonography of congestion of the caudal vena cava secondary to thrombosis in 12 cows.

This paper describes the clinical, ultrasonographic, radiographic and postmortem findings in 12 cows with thrombosis of the caudal vena cava. The principal clinical signs were chronic bronchopneumonia and fever in 11 cows; one cow had epistaxis and one cow bled from the mouth; eight cows had anaemia and leucocytosis, and the clotting time for the glutaraldehyde test was markedly decreased in all the cows; in nine of the cows the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase was high, suggesting chronic hepatic congestion. The most important ultrasonographic finding was congestion of the caudal vena cava attributable to thrombosis of the vein. In all the cows the caudal vena cava was round to oval on cross-section, rather than the normal triangular shape. The hepatic, splenic and portal veins were dilated in five, three and one cow, respectively. The results of radiography and endoscopy supported a diagnosis of bronchopneumonia, but there were radiographic changes in the diaphragmatic lung lobes that supported a diagnosis of vena caval disease in only four cows. Postmortem there was a thrombosis of the caudal vena cava in all the cows, and the thrombi were located in the thoracic, subphrenic and abdominal part of the caudal vena cava at the level of the liver in four, one and seven cows, respectively. In three cows, the thrombus was situated where a hepatic abscess had broken into the caudal vena cava, and in one cow it was at the site of a diaphragmatic abscess. In another cow, there was a fistula between the major bronchus of the right diaphragmatic lung lobe and the caudal vena cava where the thrombus was situated. Three cows had liver abscesses that had not broken into the caudal vena cava. There was severe bronchopneumonia in 11 of the cows, some of which also had multiple pulmonary abscesses.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Abortion in woman caused by caprine Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1).

On a farm housing cattle and goats an abortion storm occurred affecting 50% of the goats during the lambing season 2000/2001. In one of three investigated caprine abortions Chlamydophila abortus could be identified as aetiology. During this time a pregnant woman (pregnancy week 19/20) had contact with aborting goats. She developed a severe generalized infection and aborted. The placenta contained Chlamydophila abortus shown by immunohistochemistry and PCR. The aim of the present case report is to alert medical doctors about the potential zoonotic risk of ovine/caprine abortions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

[Abortion in humans caused by Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1)].

On a farm housing cattle and goats an abortion storm occurred affecting 50% of the goats during the lambing season 2000/2001. In one of three investigated caprine abortions Chlamydophila abortus could be identified as etiology. During this time a pregnant woman (pregnancy week 19/20) had contact with aborting goats. She developed a severe generalized infection and aborted. The placenta contained Chlamydophila abortus shown by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Aim of the present case report is to alert veterinarians about the potential zoonotic risk of ovine/caprine abortions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

[Abortion in cattle caused by Chlamydia psittaci].

A case of bovine abortion was for the first time in Switzerland diagnosed by immunohistochemistry PCR (16S rRNA, ompA) and gene sequence analysis to be caused by Chlamydia psittaci. A possible occurence of further cases has to be investigated. Based on the existence of several methods with very different sensitivity and specificity to diagnose chlamydia it is suggested that at least two verified diagnostic tools should be used to diagnose an involvement of chlamydia in bovine abortion.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2002

[Ovine enzootic abortion: seroprevalence in Switzerland using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA)].

The present study gives an overview over the seroprevalence of ovine enzootic abortion in Switzerland. 639 sheep flocks out of eight cantons in Switzerland were examined by a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibodies against Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serotype 1), the agent causing ovine enzootic abortion. The eight cantons included Aargau, Bern, Zürich, Appenzell-Ausserrhoden, Appenzell-Innerrhoden and Fribourg, the Vallais and the Graubünden. They were representative for 57% of the Swiss sheep flocks and for 60% of Swiss sheep population. In total, almost 19% (118) of the examined flocks were seropositive. Seroprevalence was the highest in Graubünden with 41%; this requires further examination and the evaluation of the need for a monitoring and controlling program. The examination of pooled sera made it possible to test a large number of samples with a reasonable amount of work. Higher sensitivity (92.9%) and specificity (97.6%) than the complement fixation test (CFT) in combination with testing of pooled sera makes the cELISA to be an usuable tool for serological screening on flock level.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2002

[Abortion in small ruminants in Switzerland: investigations during two lambing seasons (1996-1998) with special regard to chlamydial abortions].

Abortion cases of 144 goats und 86 sheep were investigated etiologically during 2 lambing seasons (1996/1997, 1997/1998). Macroscopic inspection of fetus and placenta was completed by histopathology and bacteriological isolation of agents. In addition, immunohistologically the following antigens were labeled in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections: Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydophila abortus (formerly Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1) and Border Disease Virus. From farms with abortions caused by Chlamydophila abortus specific data were recorded. In 75% of abortion cases in sheep and in 59% of cases in goats an etiologic diagnosis could be substantiated. Chlamydophila abortus is the most commonly involved agent in the etiology of caprine and ovine abortion (sheep 39%, goats 23%), followed by Toxoplasma gondii (sheep 19%, goats 15%) and Coxiella burnetti (sheep 1%, goats 10%). All other agents are of minor importance. An infectious cause of abortion based on histopathologic findings without isolation of agents was observed in sheep (10%) and goats (21%). Malformation occurred in sheep (2%) and goats (3%) and lesions suggestive for Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency were seen in goats only (2%).

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed2002

Herpes simplex encephalitis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

An adult domestic rabbit showing neurological signs was subjected to euthanasia. At necropsy, macroscopical lesions were absent. Histopathologically, extensive lesions were seen, particularly in the cerebral cortex. Non-suppurative meningitis was present and there was lymphocytic and plasmacytic perivascular cuffing in the neuropil. The cerebral cortex showed extensive segmental neuronal and glial necrosis. Within the necrotic areas, large amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were present in neurons and glial cells. Immunohistochemically, neurons and glial cells in the affected areas were labelled by polyclonal antibodies against both herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. The agent was classified as HSV-1 by polymerase chain reaction analysis. This is only the second reported natural case of herpes simplex infection in a rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Three cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) due to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV 2) in Switzerland].

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV 2) was found in three five- and nine-week-old pigs from two feeder pig producer farms. Clinical signs were persistent diarrhea and wasting. The animals showed histomorphologic changes characteristic for "Postweaning Multisystemic Syndrome" (PMWS). One animal had the typical basophilic intracytoplasmatic circoviral inclusion bodies in the Peyer's patches of the ileum. Circoviral DNA was detected in the lymphatic organs as well as in the liver. This case report is the first description of PCV 2 in Switzerland.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Ultrasonography of the parathyroid glands as an aid in differentiation of acute and chronic renal failure in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether determination of parathyroid gland size by use of ultrasonography is helpful in differentiating acute renal failure (ARF) from chronic renal failure (CRF) in dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 20 dogs with renal failure in which serum creatinine concentration was at least 5 times the upper reference limit. Seven dogs had ARF, and 13 dogs had CRF. Twenty-three healthy dogs were used as controls. PROCEDURE: Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency for ultrasonographic examination of the ventral portion of the neck, A 10-MHz linear-array high-resolution transducer was used. The size of the parathyroid gland was determined by measuring the maximal length of the gland on the screen when it was imaged in longitudinal section. For comparison among groups, the longest linear dimension of any of the parathyroid glands of each dog was used. RESULTS: Size of the parathyroid glands in the control dogs varied from 2.0 to 4.6 mm (median, 3.3 mm). In the dogs with ARF, gland size ranged from 2.4 to 4.0 mm (median, 2.7), which was not significantly different from controls. In dogs with CRF, the glands were more distinctly demarcated from the surrounding thyroid tissue, than those of controls and dogs with ARF. Sizes ranged from 3.9 to 8.1 mm (median, 5.7 mm), which was significantly larger, compared with controls and dogs with ARF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with severe azotemia, ultrasonographic examination of the parathyroid glands was helpful in differentiating ARF from CRF Size of the parathyroid glands appeared to be related to body weight.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in sheep.

Lung biopsies were taken through the ninth intercostal space on the two sides of the thorax of 10 clinically healthy sheep, using a Tru-Cut needle on one side and the Bard Biopty-System on the other. Nine of the 10 sheep remained clinically healthy, but one coughed transiently and had a mild bloody discharge from the right nostril immediately after the biopsy. The sheep were slaughtered 10 days later and the lungs and pleura were examined macroscopically; there were either no lesions or only small scars visible at the sites of the biopsies. However, well-developed subpleural nodules due to parasites were observed in some of the lungs. There were no adhesions between the costal and pulmonary pleurae. Of the 20 biopsy specimens, 18 were ideal for histological examination, and none of them was histologically normal. Mild interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed in 15 specimens, chronic bronchiolitis in nine specimens, and hyperplasia of smooth muscle or connective tissue in 17.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Experimental enteric infection of gnotobiotic piglets with a Chlamydia psittaci strain of avian origin.

The pathogenicity of a Chlamydia psittaci isolate of pigeon origin was assessed using a litter of gnotobiotic piglets. At 3 days of age, six piglets were inoculated intragastrically with egg-grown chlamydiae, the remaining six pigs were sham-inoculated. The animals were observed for clinical signs, and they were killed and necropsied sequentially between 4 and 15 days of age. Clinical manifestations consisted of slight softening of the faeces between 6 and 10 days post-inoculation (DPI). Immunohistochemistry revealed chlamydial replication predominantly in the small intestine, initially within villous enterocytes, after 4 DPI mostly in the lamina propria. Histopathology showed villous atrophy and increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the gut up to 6 DPI. Chlamydial stages of normal morphology were identified within enterocytes using transmission electron microscopy. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) run on faecal samples revealed shedding of chlamydial antigen from 3 until 11 DPI. Systemic dissemination of Chlamydia occurred to a limited extent according to polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry results of several extraintestinal organs. Corresponding histopathological changes were minimal. Sera of all pigs were negative for anti-chlamydial antibodies using a complement fixation test. In conclusion, inoculation of this isolate in gnotobiotic piglets resulted in a productive enteric infection with mild lesions, weak systemic dissemination, and faecal shedding, indicating the pig as a potential host for avian chlamydiae.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Occurrence of chlamydiae in the genital tracts of sows at slaughter and their possible significance for reproductive failure.

The aim of this study was to investigate further the role of chlamydiae as pathogens in the genital tracts of sows at slaughter. Genital tracts of 101 randomly selected sows were collected and specimens of genital tract localizations were systematically examined for chlamydiae using immunohistochemistry and PCR. In the genital tracts of 10 sows, Chlamydia psittaci DNA was detected by PCR, and was further typed as 'serotype 1' in nine cases and as avian strain 6 BC in one animal. However, all specimens examined by immunohistochemistry were negative for chlamydiae. Pooled samples of scalding tank water were additionally investigated for 95 animals. Of these samples, 63.2% contained chlamydial DNA, mostly C. trachomatis, and in one sample C. psittaci 'serotype 1'. Although in most cases contamination through influx of faecally contaminated scalding water is a possible reason for the positive PCR results in the genital tract, latent infection cannot be excluded. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that chlamydiae are of no or only minor importance in the examined group of Swiss breeding sows. Nevertheless, the role and significance of chlamydiae as pathogens in porcine reproductive disorders remain unresolved and require further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Feline infectious pneumonia: a short literature review and a retrospective immunohistological study on the involvement of Chlamydia spp. and distemper virus.

A short literature review of feline infectious pneumonia, feline Chlamydia and Paramyxoviridae is presented. In a retrospective study (from 1987 to 1996) 245 cases of feline pneumonia or conjunctivitis/rhinitis were investigated: histological diagnoses and aetiologies were compared; all lungs were examined immunohistologically for the occurrence of chlamydia and of canine distemper virus (CDV), but neither pathogen could be demonstrated. The results confirm previous reports indicating that feline chlamydia is not a primarily pulmonary pathogen and that CDV is not a causative agent of pneumonia in cats as it is in large felids. The review provides a summary of the known causes and pathology of infectious pneumonia in cats (in order of frequency), although some remain aetiologically uncertain. It focuses on chlamydia and distemper virus - a recognized and as yet unknown cause of feline pneumonia. The role and especially the frequency of chlamydia as a cause of feline pneumonia are controversial but distemper virus, known to cause pneumonia in dogs and large felids, has not as yet been demonstrated in cats. The aims of the retrospective study were to determine the occurrence of chlamydia in 245 cases of feline pneumonia or conjunctivitis/rhinitis, and to investigate the presence of CDV in these lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Percutaneous lung biopsy in cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To determine safety of lung biopsy in healthy cattle and compare 3 biopsy instruments for suitability of use. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 60 healthy cows. PROCEDURE: Bilateral lung biopsy through the ninth intercostal space was attempted in all cows. The procedure was performed with cows standing and restrained by an assistant. To study the short-term effects of lung biopsy, 50 cows were slaughtered 1 day after the procedure and examined. To study the long-term effects of lung biopsy, the remaining 10 cows were examined daily for 10 days and then slaughtered. Three biopsy instruments--the Autovac biopsy cannula, the Tru-Cut needle, and the Bard Biopty-System--were evaluated. RESULTS: 2 cows collapsed momentarily during the procedure but recovered quickly. The remaining cows did not develop adverse effects, and general attitude and condition were not affected. Postmortem examination of the 50 cows slaughtered 1 day after the procedure revealed lesions < or = 5.0 mm long and with a surface area < or = 4.0 mm2 at 108 of 154 (71%) biopsy sites involving the pulmonary pleura. Biopsy specimens were obtained during 48 of 50 (96%) procedures in which the Tru-Cut needle was used, during 38 of 39 (97%) procedures in which the Bard Biopty-System was used, and during only 1 of 11 biopsy procedures in which the Autovac cannula was used. At postmortem examination of the 10 cows slaughtered 10 days after the procedure, lesions were seen as small scars; adhesions were not observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Percutaneous lung biopsy is a safe procedure in healthy cows.

Animals↗