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Biomedical subjects

A Prengel

Publications and source records attributed to A Prengel.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Relationship between arterial and peripheral venous catecholamine plasma catecholamine concentrations during infusion of noradrenaline and adrenaline in healthy volunteers.

Noradrenaline and adrenaline were infused IV at 5 different rates (0.01-0.2 micrograms.kg.min-1) for 30 min to volunteers. The plasma catecholamine concentrations were determined by HPLC and electro-chemical detection. At the highest infusion rate, the arterial and venous plasma concentrations of noradrenaline increased from 1.18 to 44.1 nmol.l-1 and from 1.14 to 31.9 nmol.l-1, respectively, and of adrenaline from 0.29 to 23.9 nmol.l-1 and from 0.28 to 19.3 nmol.l-1, respectively. The peripheral venous plasma concentration of noradrenaline averaged 76% of the arterial concentration, and of adrenaline it was 73%. There was a linear relationship between the peripheral venous and arterial plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations at therapeutic doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The provision and perioperative transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates].

A previously used order schedule for procuring blood concentrates was reviewed, as the need for blood had changed due to the application of blood saving methods. Furthermore, the indication to blood transfusion has been reduced as a result of the potential danger of infection with AIDS. In 1035 patients, we compared the number of preoperatively ordered with the number of perioperatively transfused units of blood. In addition, we documented the factors which lead to increased blood ordering. The relation between ordered and transfused units of blood in total was 596/97 (Urology: 392/78, Gynaecology: 179/18, ENT and Ophthalmology: 25/1). Anticoagulation, anaemia, secondary illnesses and specific surgical problems have been identified as factors leading to increased blood ordering. As to many units of blood are being crossmatched without being transfused, we developed a revised blood ordering schedule. According to this schedule for certain surgical procedures typing and screening only should be done rather than crossmatching.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1990

Endobronchial drug administration: does deep endobronchial delivery have advantages in comparison with simple injection through the endotracheal tube?

Endobronchial administration of drugs is a valuable alternative to intravenous delivery when venous access cannot be established quickly enough. Some authors propose that deep endobronchial administration through a catheter or similar auxiliary device should give better absorption than simple injection through the endotracheal tube. To test this proposal in the present study two groups of each 6 patients during general anesthesia were administered 3 ml aqueous lidocaine solution at a dose of 2 mg/kg, either deep endobronchially through a catheter or simply through the endotracheal tube. The unusually low volume of administration of 3 ml was chosen because it was thought that the advantages of deep endobronchial administration would then be particularly apparent as 3 ml would lead to a more localized deposit with deep endobronchial administration thus being clearly different from simple injection. No difference in the PaO2 between the two groups could be statistically established. However, the mean lidocaine plasma concentration in the group with the deep endobronchially administered drug was in tendency lower than in the control group (P less than 0.05 at 5 min after delivery). Presumably because of the low volume of administration the mean lidocaine plasma concentrations in both groups always remained under the therapeutic level of at least 1.5 micrograms/ml. Thus, at least for small volumes and stable circulation the results after deep endobronchial administration through a catheter were somewhat worse than after simple injection through the endotracheal tube.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

What is the optimal volume of administration for endobronchial drugs?

During general anesthesia, three groups of six patients each received 2 mg/kg lidocaine as a marker substance endobronchially in either 10, 5, or 3 mL distilled water. It was found that the group receiving 10 mL initially exhibited the highest lidocaine plasma concentration with a mean of 2.01 micrograms/mL, in comparison with 1.25 micrograms/mL in the 5 mL group and 0.95 micrograms/mL in the 3 mL group. After about 10 minutes, concentration courses were almost the same in the 10 mL and the 5 mL groups. The PaO2 in the 10 mL group dropped initially by approximately 40 mm Hg on average and remained low over 60 minutes. By this time the PaO2 in the 5 mL group (initial drop 46 mm Hg) had come back to the original value (P less than .05). The 3 mL group exhibited even more favorable courses in the PaO2 (initial drop 16 mm Hg on average). However, the lidocaine plasma concentration was at the lowest at all times in this group and, moreover, under the therapeutic level of 1.5 micrograms/mL with the dosage used.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Plasma lidocaine levels and PaO2 with endobronchial administration: dilution with normal saline or distilled water?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether water or 0.9% saline should be used as diluent for endobronchial drug administration. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve adult patients. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were endobronchially administered 2 mg/kg lidocaine as marker substance in either 10 mL 0.9% saline or 10 mL distilled water during general anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The differences in mean lidocaine plasma levels at five minutes (water vs saline, 2.35 vs 1.59 micrograms/mL) and ten minutes (water vs saline: 2.67 vs 1.88 micrograms/mL) were significant (P less than .05). With the initial mean PaO2 being almost (157 mm Hg; F1O2, 0.3) in the two groups, there was a mean drop of about 60 mm Hg in the saline-diluent group, but only about 40 mm Hg in the water-diluent group one minute after administration (P less than .05). CONCLUSION: The use of water resulted in better absorption of lidocaine and less impairment of the PaO2.

Adult↗