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Biomedical subjects

A Probst

Publications and source records attributed to A Probst.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunohistological study of granulovacuolar degeneration using monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments.

Neurons undergoing granulovacuolar degeneration have been examined in paraffin sections with three monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments. Two of these antibodies (BF10, RT97) had been shown previously to react with neurofibrillary tangles. One of these antibodies (RT97) reacted with granular component of granulovacuolar degeneration. BF10 sometimes reacted with the surrounding neuronal cytoplasm. Granulovacuolar degeneration was also detected in a few cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Prophylactic antibiotic therapy using oxacillin in peripheral vascular surgery of the lower limbs. Preliminary results].

The rate of postoperative infections in lower limb vascular surgery was first evaluated in a retrospective study of 416 bypass procedures (68 venous grafts and 348 prosthetic grafts) in 400 patients seen over a two-year period. 31 postoperative infections (7.4%) were found. Outcome was fatal in three cases. 70% of cases were due to a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic prophylaxis with oxacillin given during surgery and for the first 48 postoperative hours was used for the next 112 procedures (17 venous grafts and 95 prosthetic grafts) in 107 patients. The preliminary results show a fall in the rate of postoperative infection, with only 5 cases (4.4%). The only case due to a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus occurred after a second surgical procedure without antibiotic prophylaxis. These preliminary results are promising although the difference does not reach statistical significance. However, it is of note that no patient undergoing vascular surgery for the first time developed postoperative infection. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal antibiotic prophylaxis in lower limb vascular surgery.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the human brainstem: an autoradiographic study using [3H]p-aminoclonidine.

The distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the human brainstem and some forebrain areas was examined by means of an in vitro autoradiographic technique using [3H]p-aminoclonidine as a ligand. High densities of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors were observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the Xth nerve, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the locus coeruleus and the substantia grisea centralis. Other brainstem areas presenting significant densities of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors were the substantia gelantinosa of the Vth nerve, the nucleus cuneiformis, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, the cortical mantle of the inferior colliculus and the inferior olivary nuclei. Of the forebrain areas studied, the highest density was seen in the primary visual cortex. The distribution observed presents some significant differences with that previously described for the rat. The localization of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the human brain correlates well with the distribution of noradrenergic neurons in the human brainstem and suggests sites of action of alpha 2-adrenergic drugs in the human brain.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1984

[Course and complications of rhabdomyolysis following heroin poisoning].

A report is presented on two patients with massive rhabdomyolysis following heroin intoxication. Due to massive muscle edema of the lower legs, both patients needed early fasciotomy to prevent compression syndrome. The two cases followed a different course as regards complications and especially renal insufficiency and disorders of serum calcium and phosphorus regulation. Pathophysiology, prevention and therapy of complications are discussed. As a result of intensive physiotherapy, the long term functional outcome was satisfactory in both cases.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Influence of zinc, D-penicillamine and oxygen on poisoning with Amanita phalloides. Zinc accelerates liver regeneration and prevents the depletion of brain noradrenaline caused by the mushroom.

Pretreatment with zinc aspartate increased the survival rate of mice poisoned with a lyophilisate from the mushroom Amanita phalloides (APL). In the livers of the zinc-treated animals, confluent necrosis was cleared earlier. Zinc also prevented the reduction of brain noradrenaline caused by the mushroom as well as the rise of brain dopamine and brain weight. D-Penicillamine also protected against the lethal effects of APL. The survival afforded by zinc pretreatment was marginally ameliorated by additional oxygenation.

Amanita↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative light microscopic autoradiographic localization of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the human brain: brainstem.

We have investigated the localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brainstem of eight patients free of neurological disease following quantitative autoradiography of microtome sections of postmortem tissue labeled in vitro with N-[3H]methyl scopolamine as a ligand. Receptor densities were quantified by microdensitometry with the aid of a computer assisted image analysis system. Our results reveal a heterogeneous distribution of receptor sites. High concentrations of muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites were associated with many nuclei and areas of the brainstem including the nucleus facialis (VII), hypoglossus (XII), ambiguus, the motor trigeminal nucleus (V), the nucleus solitarius, the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the superior and inferior colliculi, the sensory trigeminal nucleus (substantia gelatinosa), the pontine nuclei, the parabrachial nuclei, some tegmental nuclei and the periaqueductal gray matter. Very high concentrations of N-[3H]methyl scopolamine binding sites were also localized in the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus paranigralis and the nucleus ovalis. Receptor densities varied between individual brains although the relative distribution of the densities in the different nuclei was the same for all of the brains examined. Most of the brainstem nuclei containing muscarinic cholinergic receptors were enriched in high affinity agonist binding sites as shown by characteristic displacement of the ligand with carbachol. Exceptions were the substantia nigra, the nucleus olivaris inferior and the substantia gelatinosa of the fifth nerve. Receptor density values and pharmacological characteristics obtained in the cortex and basal ganglia in our cases are in good agreement with previously reported values in humans, using conventional biochemical methods. This indicates that procedures used in the autoradiographic technique are not detrimental to the pharmacological characteristics and densities of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Our results thus clearly show the feasibility of using these techniques for the localization and quantification of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in human brain postmortem material. Furthermore, our findings indicate the potential involvement of the muscarinic cholinergic effect of acetylcholine in the normal function of many brainstem centers, including motor and sensory nuclei, visual and auditory relay nuclei and cardiovascular and respiratory-related nuclei.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1984

How specific are periodic complexes in the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis?

The specificity of localized periodic complexes (PC) in the EEG is discussed by means of a case. This patient presented rapidly evolving focal symptoms of the CNS together with fever. The EEG showed localized PCs and in the CT scan there was a hyperdense lesion in a region corresponding to the EEG finding. Postmortem examination revealed a subcortical bleeding in the temporal region. Possible mechanisms for the origin of these PCs and their diagnostic value are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Septo-optic pituitary dysplasia. Observations on three patients.

Septo-optic pituitary dysplasia is a relatively rare but pathophysiologically interesting malformation of the brain midline structures including optic chiasm and nerves, hypothalamus, neurohypophysis and septum pellucidum. The lesion develops between the 5th and 8th week of pregnancy. The cause is unknown but heredity seems unlikely. Symptoms result from hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal insufficiency of variable severity combined with reduced vision due to hypoplasia of optic nerves and chiasm. Prognosis is variable, depending on the severity of the defect as well as on the earliest time of diagnosis followed by suitable hormone substitution and specialized care of blindness. We present the clinical course in three patients and the pathological findings in one patient who died in the 14th month of life.

Child↗
PubMed1983

The distribution of serotonin receptors in the human brain: high density of [3H]LSD binding sites in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem.

Serotonin receptors were localized autoradiographically in the human brainstem after in vitro labeling using [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Very high concentration of [3H]LSD binding sites, apparently belonging to the 5-HT1 class were localized in the raphe nuclei. Other areas of the brainstem presented only moderate or low receptor densities. Labeled areas were the nucleus interpeduncularis, periaqueductal gray matter, locus coeruleus and nucleus tractus solitarius. The choroid plexus was also labeled by [3H]LSD. The use of [3H]LSD binding as a marker for serotonin cells in the brainstem is suggested.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1983

Neuritic plaques in senile dementia of Alzheimer type: a Golgi analysis in the hippocampal region.

Tissue sections from the hippocampal region of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type were examined in 75-100 microns thick vibratome sections impregnated by the Golgi-Cox method and counterstained with cresyl violet. The morphology of dendrites and axons with neuritic plaques was frequently abnormal. Abnormalities included pleomorphic outpouchings of terminal and preterminal dendritic and axonal segments, many of which contained filiform processes occurring singly and in tufts. The axon collaterals of some hippocampal neurons appeared to branch richly as they entered plaques. Impregnated neurites could occasionally be traced from a neuritic plaque to adjacent pyramidal and local circuit neurons. The findings confirm that local neurons of different types contribute dendrites and axons to plaques and that these processes may proliferate within the confines of the plaques.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Pick's disease: an immunocytochemical study of neuronal changes. Monoclonal antibodies show that Pick bodies share antigenic determinants with neurofibrillary tangles and neurofilaments.

We used rabbit antisera to the 210,000; 155,000; and 70,000 mol. wt. neurofilament - polypeptides and monoclonal antibodies (BF 10; RT97) known to react with human neurofilaments in an immunohistochemical study of neuronal changes in Pick's disease and in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Pick bodies as well as neurofibrillary tangles and neurites showed strong reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies but remained unlabeled when treated with the rabbit polyclonal antisera. Our results indicate that the stained material in Pick bodies share antigenic determinants with neurofibrillary tangles and neurofilaments.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Immunocytochemical investigations of some human leukodystrophies.

One case of each of the following human leukodystrophies was examined immunocytochemically with antisera against myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) and gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFA): Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), connatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), sudanophilic leukodystrophy of the adult (SLD) and connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). A case of canine globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) was also included under the assumption that this disease was the same in the dog as in man. It was shown that the storage process in MLD and GLD did not involve MBP or MAG and that the breakdown of myelin with the formation of fat granule cells containing droplets of neutral fat in ALD and SLS proceeds in a similar way as in experimental Wallerian degeneration. In PMD, MBP is present in the vicinity of axons not surrounded by a myelin sheath demonstrable with conventional means. The globoid cells of GLD could be demonstrated to be of non-astrocytic origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Multiple opiate receptor in human brain: an autoradiographic investigation.

The pharmacologically defined kappa agonist 3H-(-)-bremazocine and the mu-agonists 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-D-Ala2,MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin bind to unique sites in microtome sections of human brain tissue. Kappa binding sites were visualized by autoradiography under conditions where mu- and delta-sites were blocked by D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5 and D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin. A heterogenous distribution of opiate binding sites was found with the neocortical and cerebellar cortices being very rich, brainstem generally poor and white matter very poor in opiate receptor sites. A clear difference in anatomical distribution of opiate binding types was observed. In the midbrain the ventral tegmental area was enriched in mu- and the substantia nigra in kappa-sites. The deep laminae of the neocortex were enriched in kappa-, whereas the molecular layer of the cerebellum contained predominantly mu-sites. Within the hippocampal formation the stratum lacunosum moleculare was enriched in kappa- and the dentate gyrus in delta-sites.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Evidence for a chronic axonal atrophy in oculopharyngeal "muscular dystrophy".

We report on morphometric investigations of peripheral nerves in a woman, who died at the age of 69, presenting the classical symptoms of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and a typical family history with several members (males and females) affected over three generations. Evidence for chronic axonal atrophy was found in peripheral nerves and especially in oculomotor nerves with severe axon loss in endomysial nerve twigs of extraocular, laryngeal, and tongue muscles. Whereas limb muscles presented features of neurogenic atrophy, severe changes of "myopathic" type were evident in extrinsic eye muscles, laryngeal constrictor, tongue, and diaphragma. However, we interpreted these changes as neurogenic in origin in view of the severe denervation found in those muscles. Our findings suggest that OPMD is a disease of primary neurogenic origin rather than a primary myopathic disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Senile dementia of Alzheimer type: astroglial reaction to extracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study.

Two types of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles may be found in the hippocampus in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Besides classical flame-shaped intraneuronal tangles, there are less compact tangles representing extracellular remnants of destroyed neurons with neurofibrillary change. Strong immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) was found in the second type of tangles, which was due to penetration of fine processes of fibrous astrocytes into bundles of paired helical filaments (PHF). PHF appear to be a strong stimulus for astrocytic reaction when they are not segregated from the neuropil by the neuronal cell membrane.

Aged↗