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Biomedical subjects

A Probst

Publications and source records attributed to A Probst.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Multiple opiate receptor in human brain: an autoradiographic investigation.

The pharmacologically defined kappa agonist 3H-(-)-bremazocine and the mu-agonists 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-D-Ala2,MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin bind to unique sites in microtome sections of human brain tissue. Kappa binding sites were visualized by autoradiography under conditions where mu- and delta-sites were blocked by D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5 and D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin. A heterogenous distribution of opiate binding sites was found with the neocortical and cerebellar cortices being very rich, brainstem generally poor and white matter very poor in opiate receptor sites. A clear difference in anatomical distribution of opiate binding types was observed. In the midbrain the ventral tegmental area was enriched in mu- and the substantia nigra in kappa-sites. The deep laminae of the neocortex were enriched in kappa-, whereas the molecular layer of the cerebellum contained predominantly mu-sites. Within the hippocampal formation the stratum lacunosum moleculare was enriched in kappa- and the dentate gyrus in delta-sites.

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PubMed1982

Evidence for a chronic axonal atrophy in oculopharyngeal "muscular dystrophy".

We report on morphometric investigations of peripheral nerves in a woman, who died at the age of 69, presenting the classical symptoms of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and a typical family history with several members (males and females) affected over three generations. Evidence for chronic axonal atrophy was found in peripheral nerves and especially in oculomotor nerves with severe axon loss in endomysial nerve twigs of extraocular, laryngeal, and tongue muscles. Whereas limb muscles presented features of neurogenic atrophy, severe changes of "myopathic" type were evident in extrinsic eye muscles, laryngeal constrictor, tongue, and diaphragma. However, we interpreted these changes as neurogenic in origin in view of the severe denervation found in those muscles. Our findings suggest that OPMD is a disease of primary neurogenic origin rather than a primary myopathic disorder.

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PubMed1982

Senile dementia of Alzheimer type: astroglial reaction to extracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study.

Two types of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles may be found in the hippocampus in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Besides classical flame-shaped intraneuronal tangles, there are less compact tangles representing extracellular remnants of destroyed neurons with neurofibrillary change. Strong immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) was found in the second type of tangles, which was due to penetration of fine processes of fibrous astrocytes into bundles of paired helical filaments (PHF). PHF appear to be a strong stimulus for astrocytic reaction when they are not segregated from the neuropil by the neuronal cell membrane.

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PubMed1982

Femoral nerve lesion subsequent to renal transplantation.

Severe femoral neuropathy subsequent to renal transplantation is described in a patient who died in the 5th postoperative week. Postmortem examination revealed a compression of the femoral nerve by an older hematoma of the iliac muscle, ipsilateral to the transplantation, and severe Wallerian degeneration of the nerve beginning at the site of the hematoma. It is postulated that the hematoma resulted from surgical trauma on the iliac muscle and was facilitated by previous anticoagulation and hypertensive vasculopathy. We suggest that every patient with similar symptoms occurring after renal transplantation should be investigated for a retroperitoneal hematoma. If such a hematoma is diagnosed, immediate decompression neurolysis should be performed in order to prevent prolonged recovery time or permanent disability.

Femoral Nerve↗
PubMed1982

Focal necrotizing brain stem encephalopathy and cranial radiculopathy in a kidney transplant recipient.

A 48-year-old female patient developed sensory and motor palsy of the V-Xth cranial nerves immediately after kidney transplantation due to terminal uremia. A second exacerbation followed about 4 weeks later. After 46 days post transplantation she died from bronchopneumonia. Autopsy showed multiple acute and subacute necrotic foci in proximal portions of the cranial nerves as well as a discontinuous necrotizing encephalopathy localized mainly in the subpial zone of the brain stem. The mechanism by which lesions of the nervous system were produced remains speculative. A possible neurotoxic role was attributed to the drugs administered after transplantation. Herpes virus hominis antigen could be demonstrated in the cells of the pons and of the trigeminal ganglion, but its presence was thought to be coincidental and probably not causally related to the described lesions.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Antifertility and endocrine activities of gossypol in rodents.

Reversible male antifertility activity was obtained with orally administered gossypol acetic acid in rats at 20 mg/kg/day and in hamsters at 10 mg/kg/day but not in mice at dosages up to 40 mg/kg/day. An increased number of degenerating spermatocytes was found in the testicular tubular lumens of rats. Pigment-laden cells containing an intracytoplasmic lipofuscin-like material were noted in the testis and epididymal interstitium in rats and mice. Gossypol was also tested in the female for effects on ovulation and pregnancy. Gossypol did not inhibit ovulation in the rat at dosages up to 80 mg/kg/day but did cause 90% inhibition of pregnancy in mice treated with 80 mg/kg/day during the first two weeks of pregnancy. In several standard endocrine bioassays, gossypol did not demonstrate estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic or antiandrogenic activities, but it did potentiate the androgenicity of methyltestosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antifertility activity of Montanoa tomentosa (Zoapatle).

According to folklore medicine, the Mexican plant zoapatle (Montanoa tomentosa) possesses antifertility activity in women. We report here the effect of various isolated preparations from this plant on early pregnancy in several rodent species including the mouse, rat, hamster, and guinea pig. When an aqueous extract of the leaves similar to the tea utilized in folklore medicine was administered orally during early stages of pregnancy, no antifertility activity could be detected. Day 22 pregnant guinea pigs, however, provided an animal model which allowed conservation of test materials and which showed the antifertilty activity of the plant extracts. Purer fractions derived from the plant were more potent in this assay system when administered either intraperitoneally or orally. As the purity of the extracts (and hence the quantity of active ingredient administered) increased, we were able to demonstrate inhibition of implantation in rats and mice when administered on days 1-6 and in hamsters when administered on days 4-6 of gestation. Preliminary data indicate the plant extracts are not estrogenic. It is concluded that zoapatle plant extracts possess unique antifertility activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Sensory ganglioneuropathy in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Light and electronmicroscopic findings in two cases.

Light and electronmicroscopic findings in two cases. Neuropediatrics 12: 215-31 (1981). Two cases of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) are described in unrelated children deceased at 11 months (acute clinical onset at 6 months) and 2 years (onset at birth). Severe respiratory difficulties, hypotonia, muscular weakness and depressed tendon reflexes were the main clinical features. Bulbar palsy, bilateral ptosis, pale optic discs and atactic movements of the hands were observed in the child deceased at 11 months. Besides severe loss of anterior horn cells and neurogenic muscle atrophy there was evidence of an extensive sensory involvement in both cases. Shrinkage, vacuolation as well as chromatolytic changes of dorsal root ganglion cells, together with the evidence of a primary axonal damage in sural nerve biopsies were interpreted in terms of ganglioneuropathy of the primary sensory neurons. An invasion of fibrous astrocytes into dorsal roots constituted another striking anomaly in one case as well as a pronounced degeneration of cranial nerves V and VIII in the other case, a finding not hitherto reported in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Histochemical analysis of senile plaque amyloid and amyloid angiopathy.

Histochemical methods were used to obtain information on the chemical constituents of brain amyloid in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. The staining properties of brain amyloid (senile plaque and amyloid angiopathy) were compared with those of extraneural amyloidosis and endocrine amyloid. We found no histochemical differences between amyloid in senile plaques and in amyloid angiopathy. The content of aromatic amino acids was higher in amyloid of plaques and in amyloid angiopathy than in endocrine amyloid. Furthermore, we found persistent birefringence and affinity of brain amyloid for Congo red after exposure to potassium permanganate, suggesting that AA amyloid is not a major constituent of cerebral amyloid.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1980

Adrenomyeloneuropathy. A protracted, pseudosystematic variant of adrenoleukodystrophy.

Histopathological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopical investigations were carried out in a man with a protracted history of spastic paraparesis, adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadism. Pathological findings were identical with those of the few previously reported cases of adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) including cytoplasmic lamellar inclusions consisting of two parallel 2.5 nm leaflets separated by a clear space of variable extent, in the brain, spinal roots, adrenal gland, and interstitial cells of the testis. No inclusions could be found in oligodendrocytes. In brain macrophages they are thought to represent breakdown products of pathological myelin stored in lysosomes, whereas in other localizations they might be an expression of the primary metabolic defect of the cell. Special attention was paid to the pseudosystematic type of fiber tract degeneration in the spinal cord. The dying-back pattern of axonal destruction was interpreted as a possible result of the multisegmental demyelination observed in these tracts. All known hormones could be localized in the pituitary by immunocytochemistry. Corticotrophs and gonadotrophs were numerous. The structural damage of the adrenal cortex and the interstitial cells of the testis is, therefore, considered to result from the inborn error of metabolism on the one hand and from an enhanced stimulation exerted by ACTH and gonadotrophins on the other.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1979

Some remarks on assessing morphologic changes in old, demented people.

Some aspects of quantitative assessment of senile and vascular changes in brains of old, demented people are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed upon neuritic plaque count and upon the amount of softened brain parenchyma relative to the degree of intellectual deterioration. The functional significance of the topography of ischemic lesions is stressed in some cases.

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PubMed1979

Cerebellar ganglioglioma in a child.

A cerebellar ganglioglioma was surgically removed from a two-year old boy, who had developed manifestations of increased intracranial pressure and cerebellar symptoms. At surgery, the tumor presented as a firm nodular mass displacing the cerebellar cortex. By light microscopy, its architecture differed distinctly from that of hamartomatous diffuse hypertrophy of the cerebellar cortex (Lhermitte-Duclos' disease). Mature ganglion cells were grouped in clusters and linked by thick bundles of nerve cell processes. Nerve cells and processes were enmeshed in a rich network of fibrillary connective tissue. Electron microscopy disclosed typical neuronal perikarya as well as numerous asymmetric chemical synapses. The bulk of the tumor consisted of tightly grouped, (non-myelinated) nerve cell processes arranged in parallel. One of the most prominent features of the tumor consisted of numerous dilatations of these processes. The largest ones contained microfilaments, while the smaller ones were entirely filled with dense bodies (most probably derived from degenerating mitochondria). Only scattered dense core vesicles were seen, which probably did not represent neurosecretory granules. A second cell type consisted probably of astrocytes. Most neuroepithelial cell processes could not be identified with certainty as being of either neuronal or glial origin. A third cell type consisted of numerous slender cells which were probably mesenchymal. They were surrounded by a network of basement membrane which extended between the surrounding nerve cell processes.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗