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Biomedical subjects

A R Caputo

Publications and source records attributed to A R Caputo.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The sit-up test: an alternate clinical test for evaluating pediatric torticollis.

The sit-up test, a new evaluation method for differentiating between ocular and orthopaedic torticollis, was evaluated against the monocular occlusion test, using results of three-step testing for standardization. The study group consisted of 31 patients with torticollis between the ages of 4 and 12.5 years. Subjects were selected based only on their ability to cooperate with three-step testing. Three-step testing identified 27 of the 31 patients as having ocular torticollis, with the remaining 4 having an orthopaedic etiology. Sit-up testing correctly identified all 27 ocular torticollis patients, with no false positives or false negatives. Monocular occlusion testing detected at best 22 (81.4%) of the ocular torticollis patients, with no false positives.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Simplified limbal incision for extraocular rectus muscle surgery.

We describe a limbal incision for extraocular muscle surgery which involves only one incision to the conjunctival-Tenon's layer instead of the three separate incisions required in the standard limbal approach. Based on the 316 extraocular muscle operations in which we have used this one-snip procedure, we conclude that it is simpler and faster than the standard limbal incision, and that it provides good surgical exposure and probably less tissue damage.

Esotropia↗
PubMed1990

Nystagmus in Down's syndrome.

The incidence and characteristics of nystagmus in Down's syndrome are unclear. In 188 consecutive patients, 56 had nystagmus. Most had no clinically recognizable ocular pathology to account for the nystagmus. Twenty-nine had fine rapid horizontal nystagmus, 14 had a dissociated nystagmus which appeared pendular, whereas 9 had a form of latent or manifest latent nystagmus. Of the total patients with nystagmus, 41 had esotropia. Our findings suggest that fine rapid horizontal nystagmus, sometimes dissociated, occurs frequently in patients with Down's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in male patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been reported as occurring as a single entity in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) population. In a survey of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected male patients, the authors found that 21% (9/42) had signs and symptoms compatible with KCS with positive Schirmer test results. Tear osmolarity determinations were obtained from this group and from an age- and sex-matched group of HIV-infected patients without symptoms of KCS and with negative Schirmer test results. Eighty-nine percent of the suspect group had increased tear osmolarity, whereas none of the control patients had a hyperosmolar tear film (P less than 0.0001). Results strongly suggest that KCS occurs at a significantly greater rate in male individuals infected with HIV-1 than in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A modified extracapsular cataract extraction for pediatric cataracts.

We present a modified procedure of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with a small central posterior capsulectomy for pediatric cataracts that is designed to eliminate posterior capsule opacification and to keep open the option of later secondary implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Of 76 study eyes in which the procedure was performed only three developed posterior capsule opacification. All seven control eyes that had standard ECCE with the posterior capsule left intact developed secondary membranes shortly after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Preferred postoperative alignment after congenital esotropia surgery.

A total of 117 patients with congenital esotropia who underwent muscle surgery were included in our study and were followed for a minimum of three years. Only those patients who were orthotropic or were within +/- 10 prism diopters (PD) of orthotropia six months postoperatively were included. Of the 117 patients, 101 patients (86%) remained orthotropic or within +/- 10 PD of orthotropia three years postoperatively, but 13 patients (11%) developed consecutive exotropia (greater than 10 PD). Five years after surgery, 17 of 68 patients (25%) had consecutive exotropia (greater than 10 PD). Our study demonstrates that despite satisfactory postoperative alignment, there is a steady progression towards exotropic drift over long-term follow-up. Our study also suggests that a preferred alignment shortly after congenital esotropia surgery is within 10 PD of esotropia since all of the patients who had consecutive exotropia (greater than 10 PD) were either orthotropic or exotropic (less than or equal to 10 PD) six months after surgery.

Esotropia↗
PubMed1989

A survey of severe eye injuries in children.

We reviewed the medical records of 258 children from newborn to 20 years of age who had ocular injuries severe enough to warrant admission to United Hospitals Medical Center, Newark, NJ, over a 3 1/2-year period. In this time there were 1737 pediatric admissions for eye treatment and of these, 258 (14.85%) were directly related to trauma. Only strabismus, with 676 (38.9%) admissions, accounted for more pediatric hospitalizations for eye injuries. Balls, fists, and sticks were the most common causes of injury, and the most common diagnosis was hyphema. The majority of injuries occurred in children between 11 and 15 years of age (31%). Ocular injuries in children above 10 years of age were most commonly sports-related, whereas injuries in the home accounted for the majority of trauma in children younger than 10 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Down syndrome. Clinical review of ocular features.

A total of 187 medical records of Down syndrome individuals over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively for strabismus, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, nystagmus, cataract, glaucoma, and other significant eye findings. This study showed that a higher proportion of these individuals than reported in previous studies had strabismus (57%). Refractive errors of myopia (22.5%), hyperopia (20.9%) and astigmatism (22%) were common. The primary care physician needs to be aware of the specific eye problems of Down syndrome individuals so that he or she may initiate or refer the patient for appropriate ophthalmologic care, because most of the eye findings in Down syndrome are treatable. Significant visual loss, a usually avoidable event in Down syndrome, should occur rarely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Trabeculectomy with cyclocryotherapy for infantile glaucoma in the Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of infantile glaucoma in the Sturge-Weber syndrome. We report the results of treating six patients with combined trabeculectomy and cyclocryotherapy. Successful control of the intraocular pressure occurred in all patients. Two patients required a second procedure at another site. We feel that the success of this procedure provides evidence that the glaucoma is secondary to elevated episcleral venous pressure in this condition.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1985

High hyperopia in Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Few studies comment on the type of refractive errors found in patients with Leber's congenital amaurosis. The association of an uncomplicated infantile form of this condition with high hyperopia but without systemic complications has been suggested. In a retrospective study, we identified 11 patients who satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of this subtype of Leber's congenital amaurosis. All of our cases were found to have at least +6.00 diopters of hyperopia on cycloplegic refraction. No systemic abnormalities were found in any of these children. We suggest that high hyperopia be included in the diagnostic criteria of this specific form of Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Blindness↗
PubMed1978

Definitive treatment of congenital larcrimal sac fistula.

The procedure we describe is believed to be a rational and effective approach to the rare but preplexing problem of congenital lacrimal sac fistula. The procedure is based on the principles of: (1) definite location of the lacrimal sac for protection of canaliculi and sac through probe insertion; (2) fastidious dissection of the tract to its base; and (3) positive testing of the suture and sac site for leakage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cyclic esotropia.

A recent case of cyclic esotropia is reported. Factors precipitating the cycle and theories about the clock mechanism are discussed. At present the exact nature and location of the clock mechanism remains speculative.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1976

Pseudo-Duane's retraction syndrome.

Five patients presented with signs that were similar to but opposite from Duane's retraction syndrome. Most had a history of orbital trauma. On attempted abduction a narrowing of the palpebral fissure and retraction of the globe was observed. Diplopia with lateral gaze was present. Roentgenograms (polytomograms) showed involvement of the medial orbital wall. Forced ductuin tests were positive. Surgical repair of the fracture and release of the entrapped muscle as determined by forced duction tests and by postoperative motility led to successful results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic response to mydriatic eyedrops in neonates: mydriatics in neonates.

During routine dilation of 48 newborns, systemic responses and pupil dilation were monitored. Both 10 percent aqueous and viscous phenylephrine caused blanching around the eyes and produced considerable rise in blood pressure. Dilatation average 4.7 mm. In a double blind study, a 2.5 percent solution caused no skin blanching and no change in pressure or heart rate. Average dilation was 4.5 mm. No blood pressure changes were observed with either one percent cyclopentolate or one percent tropicamide. Average dilatations were 5.0 mm and 5.3 mm respectively. The above agents, used individually for a total dosage of three drops in each eye did not provide adequate dilation for a thorough funduscopic examination. Our protocol at United Hospitals Medical Center is a safe combination of drugs and provides excellent dilatation averaging greater th an 7 mm. No skin blanching or change in heart rate was observed.

Birth Weight↗