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Biomedical subjects

A R Hudson

Publications and source records attributed to A R Hudson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Intracranial glass.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of the cervical spine and spinal cord.

A number of cases are presented to illustrate the diagnostic effectiveness of computed tomography in the cervical spine and spinal cord, specifically in syringomyelia, spinal stenosis, and fractures. Certain limitations in the examination are also presented, and problems related to interpretation, particularly in regard to spinal stenosis, are discussed.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1978

Intrasellar paraganglioma associated with hypopituitarism.

A 37-year-old with a history of postpubertal arrest of sexual development and delayed growth was found to have an enlarged sella turcica. The clinical and biochemical features were consistent with hypopituitarism. A tumor was removed transsphenoidally that, through light microscopy, histochemistry, and electron microscopy, proved to be a paraganglioma. We report the possible origin of intrasellar paraganglioma, as well as the pathogenesis of hypopituitarism.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Brachial plexus injury.

A 28-year-old man shot himself in the left posterior triangle of the neck with a shotgun. At the initial operation secondary repair of the resultant brachial plexus injury was decided upon in view of the difficulty in assessing lesions in continuity at this point after injury. The patient had total brachial plexus palsy. Nine weeks after the injury sensory and motor function were returning and the only element of the brachial plexus not showing evidence of nerve fibre continuity was the musculocutaneous nerve. Sural nerve autografts were sutured between the trimmed proximal and distal stumps of this nerve. By 4 months after the injury there was further improvement in both sensory and motor function, and by 18 months there was sensation in the autonomous zones of both median and ulnar nerves and good return of muscle power.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Experience with early anterior operation in acute injuries of the cervical spine.

Of 101 patients with acute injury to the cervical spine below the level of the axis, 74 were selected for anterior operation to ensure stability and comfort and to decompress the neural elements when indicated. Forty-six of the patients underwent a Cloward fusion at the level of the injury. Twenty-eight were treated by bar graft fusion. The indications for these procedures and the techniques involved are outlined. A successful operative result was achieved primarily in 65 of the 74 patients and eventually in 73 patients. The management mortality for patients treated by anterior operation was 2-7 per cent. The advantages of these procedures are the achievement of comfort, the facilitation of early rehabilitation, the maintenance of bony alignment and the preservation and maximal recovery of neurological function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Timing of peripheral nerve repair: important local neuropathological factors.

A review of the local neuropathological factors suggests that in lesions-in-continuity, the timing of surgical intervention should be predicated by the histological structure of that particular lesion-in-continuity. This cannot be derived by inspection or palpation of the lesion. The information must be gained from clinical and electrical studies. In the case of the divided nerve, the interrupted fascicles should be sutured as soon as the longitudinal extent of the injury can be accurately determined. The ultimate factor limiting the successful outcome of delayed peripheral nerve surgery is probably related to the state of the end organs and muscle fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Granulocyte recruitment to airways exposed to endotoxin aerosols.

Guinea pigs were exposed to aerosols of 0.1 mg of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin per ml for 2 or 4 hours, and white cells in blood and in bronchopulmonary lavage were counted at 2, 4, and 6 hours. The lungs of a second group of guinea pigs and hamsters exposed in the same manner were fixed in inflation with osmium tetroxide in fluorocarbon, which retains cells on luminal surfaces of airways. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts in cardiac blood were significantly increased, and lymphocyte counts were decreased at 6 hours (P less than 0.05). The number of cells obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage, which were mostly polymorphonuclear leukocytes, increased at 4 hours to 28 million, and at 6 hours, was 26.5 million (P less than 0.01), compared to 5 million cells at the same times in air and in water aerosol control preparations. The polymorphonuclear cell counts on airway cross sections, i.e., (polymorphonuclear cells/epithelial cells) x 100, showed a mean +/- SD peak of 53.9 +/- 10.9 after 4 hours in guinea pigs and a peak of 99.7 +/- 11.0 after 6 hours in hamsters. Alveoli showed no cell recruitment. Platelets were aggregated on surfaces of arterioles facing bronchioles, although counts in blood were unchanged. Neither leukocytes nor airway cells showed damage to their ultrastructure. The time course for airway recruitment and leukocytosis matches that for symptoms after exposure of workers to dusts from natural fodder or fibers. This suggests that leukocyte recruitment to airways by inhaled endotoxin may be part of the mechanism for the fever and chest tightness in occupational disorders.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

Polyglycolic acid suture in peripheral nerve II: sutured sciatic nerve.

This experiment investigates the holding property of polyglycolic acid suture in repair of divided dog sciatic nerves and the influence of absorption of this synthetic material on regeneration. The conclusion is that PGA maintains its tensile strength sufficently long to allow both physical union and good regeneration of the divided nerve. The suture absorption does not influence regeneration.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Polyglycolic acid suture in peripheral nerve: an electron microscopic study.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the reaction of peripheral nerve tissue to a synthetic absorbable suture material. Polyglycolic acid suture material was investigated by means of electron photomicrographs. It was concluded that placement of polyglycolic acid into the peculiar environment of endoneurial tissues results in minimal scarring and in minimal disturbance of the surrounding nerve fibers. The material was progressively absorbed with minimal disturbance of intrafascicular structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Responses to cotton dust.

Twelve cotton textile workers were studied: (1) to compare standard measures of volume and expiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves, closing volume (CV), and closing capacity (CC) in detection of airway narrowing with cotton dust exposure; (2) to evaluate the response of arterial blood gases to exposure; (3) to measure changes in leukocytes in peripheral blood and airway secretions; and (4) to assess the temporal relationships and correlations between measures. Change in expiratory flow (FEV) most consistently and significantly discriminated between the control and cotton dust exposures. Vmax50%FVC was a more sensitive indicator, but variance was increased proportionately. CV and CC changed inconsistently with relatively large variances. The PaO-2 decreased overall and two subjects had large decrements. Peripheral blood and polymorphonuclear cell counts increased with exposure to cotton dust and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were recruited to the nasal mucosa. Chest tightness and decreased flow were temporally correlated with leukocyte recruitment that may be important in respiratory disease among cotton textile workers and therefore deserves further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Progression of partial experimental injury to peripheral nerve. Part 1: Periodic measurements of muscle contraction strength.

Isometric measurements of muscle contraction in response to single as well as tetanic volleys of supramaximal stimuli were recorded from the limbs of 32 monkeys with noninjured or partially lacerated tibial nerves. Nerve action potentials (NAP) and muscle action potentials (MAP) were also determined at intervals varying from 1 hour to 52 weeks after injury. Limbs with mobilized noninjured nerve sustained small but definite decreases in muscle contraction strength particularly if the interval between operations was brief. Partially lacerated nerves had immediate averaged decreases in single twitch and supramaximal contraction strengths of 32.8% and 30.4% despite maintenance of NAP velocity. One week following injury, muscle contraction had decreased by another 21.6% and 19.7% respectively while NAP velocity was decreased by 18.5%. Measurements were also reduced at 2, 4, and 8 weeks and to a lesser degree at 12 weeks; at 24 and 36 weeks, muscle contraction was less than pre-injury data but not when compared to recordings 15 minutes after injury. Values recorded at 52 weeks reflected partial reinnervation of Achilles musculature. Studies over a 24-hour period following partial laceration demonstrated significant further decreases in muscle power by 8 hours. The authors conclude that nerve activity following partial laceration fluctuates as function diminishes during the early hours to weeks following injury.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

Progression of partial experimental injury to peripheral nerve. Part 2: Light and electron microscopic studies.

Biopsies from partially lacerated nerves were taken at the sites of proximal stimulus, laceration, and distal recording, and from stimuli and recording sites of control nerves. Electron microscopic examination of the partially lacerated major fasciculus revealed three zones of injury. The laceration zone showed neurotemetic changes, the adjacent or intermediate zone, partial degeneration, and the zone most peripheral to the laceration, changes in ground substance. Progression of the original injury is apparently due to ongoing changes in the intermediate and peripheral zones while much of the relative early recovery is due to reversal of changes in these zones. Regeneration through the laceration of neurotemetic zone is limited but does account for a small amount of late recovery of function.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pituitary adenoma producing amyloid-like substance.

Light and electron microscopical examination of a pituitary adenoma showed that the tumor was composed of prolactin cells that produced amyloid-like material. The findings have been interpreted in favor of the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in amyloid fibril formation within the adenoma cells. Histochemical and fine structural data indicate that the material produced by this tumor resembles apudamyloid rather than immunoamyloid.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗