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Biomedical subjects

A R Margulis

Publications and source records attributed to A R Margulis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Proceedings of a National Cancer Institute workshop: MR spectroscopy and tumor cell biology.

In December 1991, the National Cancer Institute held a workshop to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in human cancer biology. The clinical and basic cancer research issues requiring use of MR spectroscopy, the advantages and limitations of MR spectroscopy, and future directions in MR spectroscopy of cancer were discussed. Consensus-building panels were formed on the following four topics: cell membrane biochemistry, tumor therapeutic response or drug resistance, appropriate model systems, and potential clinical applications of MR spectroscopy. The workshop members concluded that large prospective clinical studies as well as in vivo animal and human studies to define prognostic variables should be performed, with correlation between MR spectroscopic results and biochemical and physiologic features. Studies of phospholipid metabolism, the pharmacokinetics of anticancer agents, and effects of new cancer treatments on the tumor vasculature and normal tissues are needed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

A double-blind study of radiologic accuracy in diverticulitis, diverticulosis, and carcinoma of the sigmoid colon.

A review of the barium enema studies in 73 patients with diverticular disease of the colon and with and without associated neoplasm leads to the conclusion that the correct radiologic recognition of an associated neoplasm in a colon with diverticulitis or diverticulosis can be made only about half the time. The limitations of the radiographic method and radiologic findings in distinguishing diverticulitis from carcinoma should be more clearly recognized by the clinician.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Keeping up-to-date: some current surgical and radiologic procedures.

Surgical advances often call for close radiologic scrutiny to assess their success or complications. At the same time, diagnostic radiology is also constantly developing new approaches. It is for this reason that we describe the radiographic analysis of several current surgical and radiological procedures which should be of interest to the practicing clinician. The current surgical procedures considered are gastric bypass for morbid obesity and continent ileostomy. The current new radiologic procedures include techniques for performing small bowel enema, per-oral ileal and colonic examinations with retrograde air insufflation, and improved evaluation of the postantrectomy stomach using double-contrast techniques.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

Annular pancreas: etiology and diagnosis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

A case of annular pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is described and the etiology of the abnormality considered. Annular pancreas is an anomaly of the ventral pancreas, and probably due to the persistence of the left ventral bud; the dorsal pancreas plays no apparent role in its development. In the diagnosis of annular pancreas, it appears that ERCP provides unequivocal evidence in some, quite possibly all, cases.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1979

Colitis in the elderly: ischemic colitis mimicking ulcerative and granulomatous colitis.

Eight patients over age 60 years had sudden onset of acute abdominal pain and rectal bleeding in the absence of prior inflammatory bowel disease. Several improved on medical therapy alone; those who required surgery suffered no recurrence up to 6 years. Although the pathologic specimens on these patients were first considered to represent ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, their histories and clinical courses are much more consistent with ischemic colitis. Since there are only a limited number of reactions that the bowel can muster against a host of damaging processes, histologic criteria alone are usually not sufficient to separate ischemic disease of the colon from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. This is also true of radiographic features. Thus the diagnosis of ischemic colitis rests on clinical onset and course after treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Giant duodenal ulcers.

Twenty-six giant duodenal ulcers, all correctly diagnosed prior to endoscopy, are presented. The concept of the ulcer/bulb ratio (ratio of longest diameter of the ulcer to that of the total bulb including the ulcer) is introduced. In all cases this ratio was 0.8 or greater; in 18 cases (69%) the ulcer completely replaced the duodenal bulb. An 'ulcer within an ulcer' appearance, representing a small area of deeper ulceration within the giant ulcer, was noted in 8 (31%). Half of the patients have remained symptom-free on medical therapy alone. Only two patients in our series (8%) died of complications of giant duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

CT scanning and ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic pseudocysts: a preliminary comparison.

A retrospective review of 12 surgically proved cases of pancreatic pseudocyst was performed. CT correctly demonstrated 6/8 uncomplicated pseudocysts and 4/4 infected pseudocysts. Ultrasound identified 7/8 uncomplicated and 2/4 infected pseudocysts. Errors by one modality are due to limitations not shared by the other method. This suggests a basis for the complementary use of CT scanning and ultrasound in the evaluation of suspected pancreatic pseudocysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The state of radiographic technique in the examination of the colon: a survey.

The results of an extensive, multiple choice questionnaire sent to 113 leading medical centers in the world (100 centers responded) were analyzed and compared to those of a similar survey from 1968: single-contrast and double-contrast barium enema procedures are still the standard methods of radiographic assessment of the colon; the double-contrast, barium enema examination is now used more frequently, especially in conjunction with the single-contrast barium enema; preparation of the colon is now more meticulous; and drugs are added more frequently to the barium enema. Equipment has become more sophisticated through increased use of image intensifiers, television, and remote controls. More use is made of videotapes. Water-soluble contrast media are administered more frequently. The use of special radiographic procedures to evaluate the colon has decreased.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomographic evaluation of disorders affecting the alimentary tract.

The use of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing disorders affecting the hollow viscera of the alimentary tract has received little attention. The authors reviewed CT scans of 43 patients on which lesions affecting the gastrointestinal tract were demonstrated. All cases were correlated with barium-enema examinations, surgical reports, or autopsy findings. CT can provide valuable information on the extraluminal extent of masses arising in the bowel, mesenteric masses, and can define and characterize extrinsic lesions. The authors's results suggest that CT is a useful adjunct in evaluating intramural or mesenteric lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind study of single and double contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations using endoscopy as a control.

A total of 100 patients were examined by both single and double contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. The radiographs were coded, interpreted blindly by two gastrointestinal radiologists, and the accuracy of each examination was determined using endoscopy as the standard. The interpretation error rate for each type of examination alone was almost identical. Interpretations based on a combination of both studies significantly reduced both the false positive and negative errors and strongly suggests a complementary role for the two methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Per oral pneumocolon examination of the ileocecal region.

The combination of orally administered barium and the introduction of air rectally at the time the barium column is in the region of the cecum and terminal ileum leads to an excellent visualization of the ileocecal region. It may be used whenever a conventional barium enema examination fails to show this region adequately.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Body computed tomography: a clinically important and efficacious radiologic procedure.

In the institutions represented by the authors, more than 7,500 body CT examinations have been performed. Body CT has been found to be particularly useful in solving specific problems, especially when other diagnostic procedures yield confusiing results. Radiologists and their collegues, and not governmental agencies and insurance companies, should define the experimental, research and clinical usefulness of computed tomography.

Humans↗