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Biomedical subjects

A R Mohammad

Publications and source records attributed to A R Mohammad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Spinal injuries in a level-one trauma centre: a demographic study.

The incidence of spinal injuries in Malaysia is on the rise following similar trend of rapid development and increasing number of building constructions sites, and motor vehicles. This epidemiological study was aimed at compiling local data with a view to identifying target areas for preventive measures as well as improvement strategies in the management of these potentially devastating injuries. Seventy eight patients admitted with spine trauma in 1998 in a level-one trauma centre were retrospectively reviewed. All records were traced from the admission and discharge books of the orthopaedic wards, accident and emergency wards, operative registration book, spinal rehabilitation ward and orthopaedic registration data of the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Details on pre-treatment neurological and radiological level of injury and post-treatment outcomes were recorded according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale. Most patients (61.5%) were in the productive ages of less than 34 years with a 4:1 male to female ratio. Majority were due to motor vehicle accidents (57.7%) and fall from a height (28.3%). The thoraco-lumbar junction was the most common site of injury followed by the lower cervical region with 62.5% of which associated with neurological deficit. Neurological deficits: 11 ASIA-A, 1 ASIA-B, 6 ASIA-C, and 3 ASIA-D were detected in 21 (27%) patients with fall from height (50%) particularly landing on the feet (50%) and recreational sports (100%) were the risk factors. Less than 10% of patients were treated surgically and this explains an average 39.4 days of hospitalization (5 times longer in patients treated non-operatively). On discharge, four patients with incomplete neurology recovered to ASIA-E status and the remaining improved to ASIA-C and -D in one and five patients respectively. Only one patient with complete neurology improved to ASIA-B status following surgical treatment. The demographic profiles of our patients were comparable to other series in the literature but still inadequate to provide enough epidemiological data. A multicenter study to provide a larger pool of patients is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Geriatric dentistry education in European dental schools.

As the numbers of elderly adults continue to grow within European populations, the need for dental students to be trained in the management of geriatric patients becomes increasingly important. Many dental schools have developed training programmes in geriatric dentistry in response to the changing oral health needs of older adults. The purpose of this on-line survey was to identify the current status of geriatric dentistry education in European dental schools. A questionnaire relating to the teaching of geriatric dentistry was posted on the Internet, and 194 dental schools in 34 European countries were invited to participate. Data from completed questionnaires were submitted to the investigators via email from 82 schools in 27 countries (42% response rate). Thirty-six percent of schools offered a specific geriatric dentistry course that included didactic teaching or seminar groups, 21% taught geriatric dentistry by means of organised presentations in the curriculum, and 36% taught the subject by occasional lectures. 7% of schools did not teach geriatric dentistry at all. A clinical component to the geriatric dentistry curriculum was reported by 61% of schools and 18% reported operating a specific geriatric dentistry clinic within the school. Of those providing clinical geriatric dentistry training, it was provided within the school in 45% of cases, with a further 29% of schools providing training both within the school and at a remote location. Seven percent of schools operated a mobile dental clinic for treating geriatric patients. Twenty-eight percent of schools had a geriatric programme director or a chairman of a geriatric section and 39% indicated that they plan to extend the teaching of geriatric dentistry in the future. Geriatric dental education has clearly established itself in the curricula of European dental schools although the format of teaching the subject varies widely. It is of concern that geriatric dentistry was not taught at all in 7% of schools. No data are available concerning whether or not geriatric dentistry is taught in the 58% non-responding schools.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The HUKM Spinal Instrumentation System for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A biomechanical comparison study using finite element analysis.

This finite element analysis is aimed at comparing relative stiffness of three different posterior instrumentation constructs: the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Spinal Instrumentation System (HUKM-SIS), the Cotrell-Dubousset Instrumentation (CDI) and Harrington Instrumentation System (HIS), used in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The constructs were tested under various loads using MSC Patran 2001 r2a. Under increasing flexion loads, there was a linearly corresponding increase in deflection magnitudes for all constructs on the load-deflection curve. The CDI was the stiffest construct under axial, forward flexion and extension loads, followed by the HUKM-SIS and HIS. Under lateral bending loads, the HUKM-SIS construct was the stiffest followed by CDI and HIS. The HUKM-SIS construct was stiffer than HIS under torsional loads. We conclude that multiple pedicle screws increase the stiffness of posterior instrumentation constructs under all loads and inter-segmental spinous processes wiring increase the stiffness against lateral bending.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Osteoporosis and periodontal disease: a review.

A review of the literature on the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease is presented. Osteoporosis, a metabolic disease, and periodontal disease, which is infectious, are both major health problems with multifactorial etiologies. There is histologic and radiographic evidence from animals and humans that osteoporosis does affect alveolar bone by decreasing bone mass and trabeculation. The literature reviewed in this paper suggests, but does not yet provide conclusive evidence for, a direct relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effects of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced malignancy on the subcellular distribution of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in submandibular glands of rats.

The binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 to peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) was studied in normal and malignant submandibular glands of rats. The carcinoma was induced by implantation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) into the glands. [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding to normal and malignant submandibular glands indicated one population of binding sites with high affinity (KD of 3.4 and 4.4 nM for normal and malignant respectively) and saturability (Bmax) of 487 and 321 pmol/g tissue for normal and malignant respectively). Subcellular localization of PBRs indicates that mitochondria was the primary locale of the receptor in both cases and the decrease in Bmax was due primarily to a decrease in the binding capacity of PBRs in mitochondria.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1990

Oral ulcerations.

Ulcerations are common occurrences in the mouth. Causes include physical trauma, radiation, chemical injury, and microbial infection (bacterial, viral, and fungal). Some ulcerations, such as recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's syndrome, and erythema multiforme, are of uncertain etiology, whereas others (eg, pemphigus, pemphigoid) are apparently of immunologic origin. Malignant neoplasms also may present as ulcerations. Because the natural history and treatment varies with the diagnosis, the practitioner should become familiar with the clinical appearance of the various types of ulcerations so that appropriate treatment can be instituted.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

Development of dinitrochlorobenzene contact hypersensitivity in rat submaxillary salivary gland.

Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was reported to be effective in clinical regression of some carcinomas and precancerous lesions. This study investigated development of CMI in rat submaxillary salivary glands with dermal application of DNCB to provide a model for the study of immunotherapy in salivary gland neoplasia. Twenty rats received 0.02 ml of 0.5% DNCB in 4:1 acetone corn-oil applied with a glass rod to 3 cm2 of clipped ventral skin of the neck covering the submaxillary salivary gland on 2 successive days. Ten days later, the submaxillary glands were challenged with an injection of 0.02 ml of DNCB. Thirty-two h later the animals were killed and the glands examined grossly and microscopically. Thirty control animals were sensitized and challenged, (a) 10 with 0.5% DNCB, then vehicle only, (b) 10 with vehicle only, then 0.5% DNCB, and (c) 10 with vehicle both times. Gross examination of experimental and control glands disclosed moderate edema and congestion. Microscopically, experimental glands showed inflammatory changes including infiltration, vascular congestion and perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes. Regional lymph nodes showed proliferation of cortical germinal centers only. Control glands showed acute vascular congestion in group (a), and absence of microscopic features of delayed hypersensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Scanning x-ray microanalysis of root canal sealers.

Seven commercially available root canal sealer powders were analyzed by scanning x-ray microanalysis to identify constituent elements in each. Analysis showed that strongly cytotoxic sealers in vitro contained lead or magnesium, while those materials which exhibited mild or moderate cytotoxicity in vitro contained bismuth, zinc, calcium, or silicone.

Dental Cements↗
PubMed1979

Immunologic manipulation of DMBA tumorigenesis in hamster cheek pouch by DNCB contact hypersensitivity.

Hamster cheek pouches were sensitized with the potent allergen DNCB either before the initiation of DMBA tumorigenesis or by direct application to already developed tumors. Among animals treated prior to tumorigenesis induction there was an apparent delay in onset of tumors and decreased rate of tumor growth. Direct application of DNCB to already established tumors seemed to temporarily arrest tumor growth; later, however, tumor growth rate resumed to approximately that in untreated control animals. It is concluded that DNCB contact hypersensitivity may exert some influence on the DMBA tumorigenesis process as manifested by delay in tumor onset or by temporarily retarding growth of established tumors. It appears that DNCB sensitization prior to tumorigenesis is generally more effective than DNCB applied after tumor development.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗