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Biomedical subjects

A Rasheed

Publications and source records attributed to A Rasheed.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Total truncation of the molybdopterin/dimerization domains of SUOX protein in an Arab family with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency.

We ascertained a patient with the full-blown phenotype of isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency in a consanguineous Arab family. The proband's phenotype included the presence of intractable seizures in the neonatal period, some dysmorphic features, neuroradiologic findings reminiscent of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and rapidly progressive brain destruction leading to severe neurodevelopmental impairment. Biochemically, the patient excreted a large amount of S-sulfocysteine with normal amounts of xanthene and hypoxanthine and had normal plasma uric acid, which was consistent with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency. We report the identification of the first Arab mutation in SUOX, the gene for sulfite oxidase enzyme, in the ascertained family. The newly identified Arab mutation in the SUOX gene (a single nucleotide deletion, del G1244) is predicted to cause a frame shift at amino acid 117 of the translated protein with the generation of a stop codon and total truncation of the molybdo-pterin- and the dimerizing-domain(s) of SUOX protein expressed from the mutant allele. The identification of this new Arab SUOX mutation should facilitate pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and selection of unaffected embryos for future pregnancy in the ascertained family with the mutation and related families with the same mutation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

Reducing cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: a comparison of equipotent doses of tramadol, nalbuphine and pethidine, with placebo.

The stress response to tracheal intubation may be obtunded by opioids given with induction of anesthesia. Tramadol is an opioid acting on mu-receptors and the monoaminergic pain modulating systems. This study examined vasomotor responses to tracheal intubation after equipotent doses of tramadol, nalbuphine and pethidine (3.0, 0.3 mg/kg(-1), and 1.5 mg/kg(-1), respectively), and placebo, given prior to induction of anesthesia in 118 healthy patients. Premedication and induction of anesthesia were standardized. Recordings of HR and SAP were made prior and subsequent to induction of anesthesia, and at 1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes after tracheal intubation. Prior to laryngoscopy and intubation, HR increased in all groups (p < or = 01, all comparisons), but least so after nalbuphine, whilst SAP remained unchanged after placebo, tramadol and pethidine, but fell after nalbuphine (p < 0.025). Maximum increases in HR (p < or = 0.005, all comparisons) and SAP (p < or = 0.02, all comparisons) occurred one minute after intubation. Maximum HR after placebo (108 SD 15 bpm), tramadol (107 SD 20 bpm), pethidine (113 SD 16 bpm) and nalbuphine (110 SD 26 bpm) was similar; with placebo HR remained faster than baseline until the seventh minute but had returned to baseline by the fifth minute with the opioids. Maximum SAP with tramadol (151 SD 26 mmHg) was similar to that with placebo (157 SD 20 mmHg), but was greater than after pethidine (136 SD 27 mmHg; p < 0.05) and nalbuphine (135 SD 19 mmHg; p < 0.02). With each test drug SAP returned to baseline by the third minute. It is concluded that, in these doses, 1) tramadol does not attenuate the chronotropic nor the inotropic response to tracheal intubation, and 2) pethidine and nalbuphine reduce only the inotropic response to airway instrumentation.

Adult↗

Neurodevelopmental outcome after congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before and after surgery.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a treatment of last resort for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) caused by congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may be used for preoperative stabilization or postoperative rescue. The aim of this study was to examine the acute and long-term morbidity associated with pre- and postoperative ECMO. METHODS: Neonates born with CDH and needing ECMO were classified into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of neonates placed on ECMO after CDH surgery. Patients in group 2 underwent preoperative ECMO stabilization. Medical records after birth were evaluated. Growth, neuromotor and cognitive development, hearing, and behavior were evaluated. Student t test and chi(2) were used to determine statistical significance between groups. RESULTS: Subjects in group 2 had significantly more days on ECMO and loop diuretics. Alkalosis was induced for a longer duration in group 2. At follow-up 3 to 9 years later, no differences were found between the 2 groups in growth parameters, neuromotor outcome, or behavior. However, in group 1, 2 of 9 children had significant hearing impairment necessitating amplification compared with 6 of 6 subjects in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Neonates with CDH first stabilized on ECMO (group 2) had a higher incidence of hearing loss compared with those needing ECMO postrepair (group 1). The etiology of this finding is not clear. This may be secondary to the prolonged period of hyperventilation or general intensive care that is part of the protocol for neonates who are electively stabilized on ECMO preoperatively. J Pediatr Surg 36:539-544.

Child Development↗

A methodology for development of configurable remote access measurement system

A configurable remote access measurement system (CRAMS) is designed using an object oriented methodology (OOM) and implemented using the integration of an object oriented language, JAVA, a relational database management system, MS-ACCESS, and an instrumentation software package (LabVIEW). OOM is a powerful technique that is used to manage the complexity of large systems. It allows for easy maintenance and upgrading of the developed systems. The main focus of this paper is to present a detailed procedure for the analysis, design and implementation of CRAMS. The functionality of CRAMS is demonstrated by creating a remotely accessible laboratory environment using a set of programmable and virtual instruments connected to a PC server.

Journal Article↗

Phenoxybenzamine in the management of neuropathic bladder following spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to show the clinical and urodynamic effects of phenoxybenzamine on the neuropathic bladder of spinal cord-injured patients who failed to be free of catheter by attaining satisfactory voiding function, despite initial bladder training. METHODS: Forty-six spinal cord-injured patients were subjected to pharmacological manipulation with phenoxybenzamine. It was used as an adjunct in the management of neuropathic bladder dysfunction that caused failure of the bladder to empty, by tapping or crede to achieve satisfactory residual urine volume of < 100 mL. Phenoxybenzamine was started with a dose of 10 mg daily, increased by 10 mg every 3 days to a dose of 30 mg daily; this was maintained from 3 weeks to 6 months (mean: 39 days). The pre-treatment residual urine volume ranged between 100 and 1050 mL (mean: 360 mL). Follow-up periods ranged between 12 and 36 months (mean: 16 months). RESULTS: Five patients (11%) were excluded due to either inadequate treatment or inadequate follow-up. Nineteen patients (41%) with reflex (upper motor neurone) bladders showed improvement of bladder evacuation. There was a reduction of the maximum urethral closure pressure, which ranged between 10 and 32 cm of water (mean: 22 cm). Twenty-two patients (48%) did not respond, requiring other measures to be taken which included transurethral surgery (n = 19). Nine of the failures involved areflex (lower motor neurone) bladders, and seven failures involved reflex bladders with an extremely tight outlet and urethral closure pressure of > 50 cm of water. Six failures involved reflex bladders that were lacking strong enough detrusor contractions to attain a balanced bladder responsive to abdominal tapping; response was achieved by administration of a parasympatheticomimetic drug. Neuropathic bladders with uninhibited detrusor contractions responded well to phenoxybenzamine. CONCLUSIONS: Phenoxybenzamine proved useful in reducing bladder outlet resistance after spinal cord injury, provided that detrusor bladder contractions were present. It is useful in controlling detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and autonomic hyperreflexia. It was not useful in areflex bladders, perhaps due to the development of spasticity of the striated muscle component of the external sphincter. The presence of bladder neck (internal sphincter) dysfunction may modify or abolish its effect.

Adolescent↗

Antibacterial activity of Camellia sinensis extracts against dental caries.

Different bacteria were separated from saliva and teeth of cariogenic patients and identified by a variety of morphological and biochemical tests. Extracts of green tea strongly inhibited Escherichia coli, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial effect of green and black tea extracts were compared with those of amoxicillin, cephradine and eugenol.

Adolescent↗

Variation in induction of human placental CYP2E1: possible role in susceptibility to fetal alcohol syndrome?

Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in less than 10% of women who drink heavily during pregnancy. One potential mechanism for this intersubject variation is differences in placental alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase is present at low concentrations in the placenta and is not inducible. CYP2E1 has not been found in human placentas at early gestation time points or in random term placentas. Hepatic CYP2E1 is induced by alcohol and other environmental agents, but induction varies among heavy drinkers and may be genetically controlled. To test whether CYP2E1 is induced in placenta by heavy drinking during pregnancy, we performed a Western blot analysis on placental microsomes from women (n = 8) whose periconceptional average daily absolute alcohol intake was greater than 1 ounce. Using anti-human CYP2E1, bands consistent with CYP2E1 were identified in six samples, although considerable variation among individuals was observed. Among drinking mothers, offspring head size was smaller among those with placental CYP2E1 (p = 0.04). The association between the presence of the protein and smaller birth weight and birth length was equivocal (p = 0.09). Our data are consistent with placental CYP2E1 being inducible by drinking, but with induction being variable among heavy drinking women. We speculate intersubject variation in induction may have a genetic basis and may play a role in susceptibility to alcohol related defects.

Anthropometry↗

In vivo growth conditions suppress the expression of ganglioside GM2 and favour that of lacto series gangliosides in the human glioma D-54MG cell line.

The human glioma D-54MG cell line grown in vitro primarily expresses ganglio series gangliosides, particularly GM2. Subcutaneous injection of these cells into nude mice produced xenografts with an increased content of the human glioma-associated lacto series gangliosides, primarily 3'-isoLM1, an alteration that was dose dependent, with the highest dose (1 x 10(8)) resulting in a phenotype that was most like that of the inoculum. After one passage in vivo, the lacto series dominated and reached a proportional level that was kept throughout the 10 passages. The mRNA levels of the GM2-synthase clearly coincided with GM2 expression and was 20 times higher in cells grown in vitro than in those grown in vivo. These results support the view that ganglioside expression in human gliomas is strongly influenced by environmental factors.

Animals↗

Reproduction and development in Drosophila are dependent upon catecholamines.

Drosophila melanogaster, maintained on culture media containing alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT) at millimolar levels for 7 days, fail to produce viable progeny. Lesser concentrations delay development. This effect of alpha-MT, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is partially reversible by co-administration of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the product of TH. Potent inhibitors of other steps in the pathway for catecholamine biosynthesis are inactive except for a partial effect with dopamine B-hydroxylase inhibition. the effect of alpha-MT is due to a combination of ovulation suppression coupled with decreases in embryonic and larval viability. Effects similar to those of alpha-MT are found with millimolar levels of reserpine, prazosin and to a lesser extent, rauwolscine. No significant effects are found with propranolol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride and SK&F 83566. Mutant alleles of the gene coding for TH are known to be lethal at the embryonic stage when homozygous in both Drosophila and mice. Taken together, these results indicate that in addition to their established roles in the nervous system catecholamines function in animal development via an action mediated through alpha-adrenoceptors.

Animals↗

Hematological and biochemical changes in acute leukemic patients after chemotherapy.

AIM: To study hematological and biochemical profiles in acute leukemic patients before and after chemotherapy. METHODS: Sera from 20 normal persons were compared with those from 40 patients of whom 20 patients were followed up after 6-8 months of treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone. RESULTS: Hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count were decreased while reticulocyte count, blood sedimentation, total leukocyte count, bleeding time, bilirubin, blood coagulation time, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and urea were increased in acute myelocytic patients compared to normal. A similar pattern was observed in acute lymphocytic patients except there was no significant increase in serum urea. CONCLUSION: In acute leukemic patients blood chemistry and hematology are useful during diagnosis and treatment. After 6-8 months of treatment 50% remission occurred.

Adolescent↗

Biochemical profile in liver cancer patients.

AIM: To study the biochemical profile in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. METHODS: Sera from 25 normal persons were compared with those from 50 patients of whom 25 patients were followed up after 9-10 months. RESULTS: Serum K, bicarbonate, creatinine, and uric acid levels were raised, while serum Na, chloride, urea, urea-N, and residual N were lowered, in patients. After 9-10 months of treatment these parameters showed improvements. CONCLUSION: Blood chemistry is useful during diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

Adult↗

Interaction of chlorpromazine with tricyclic anti-depressants in schizophrenic patients.

Interaction of Chlorpromazine with tricyclic antidepressants was investigated in twenty schizophrenic patients after their concurrent administration. A significant increase in serum chlorpromazine concentration was observed when administered in combination with both amitriptyline and imipramine with chlorpromazine. If combined therapy is indicated, the dose of chlorpromazine should be reduced or the time of administration of other two drugs should be adjusted to maintain therapeutic levels of chlorpromazine.

Adult↗

Expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in six human medulloblastoma cell lines.

Six well characterized human medulloblastoma cell lines (D283 Med, Daoy, D341 Med, D384 Med, D425 Med, and D458 Med) were examined for the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) by activity and Western and Northern blot analysis. High levels of MGMT activity were present in D283 Med, Daoy, D341 Med, and D384 Med (1.36, 0.80, 1.68, and 1.62 pmol/mg of protein, respectively), but negligible MGMT activity was detected in D425 Med and D458 Med (0.06 and 0.05 pmol/mg of protein, respectively), which were derived separately at different times from the same patient. The presence of MGMT protein and its transcript was demonstrated in D283 Med, Daoy, D341 Med, and D384 Med, but both the protein and the mRNA were undetectable in D425 Med and D458 Med. Nevertheless, all six cell lines contained an apparently unaltered MGMT gene, as determined by Southern blot analysis. The absence of MGMT activity in D425 Med and D458 Med is likely due to the absence of the protein, resulting from a lack of transcription of the MGMT gene. The varying levels of expression of MGMT in medulloblastoma cells found in this study should provide a molecular basis for drug design and selection in chemotherapy of this tumor.

Blotting, Northern↗