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Biomedical subjects

A Reich

Publications and source records attributed to A Reich.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Combined glyburide and insulin therapy in type II diabetes.

Present treatment of type II diabetes mellitus often fails to normalize post-prandial glucoses. A placebo-controlled, double-blinded design tested the effects of combined glyburide-insulin therapy over 4 months in 20 patients after achieving good control of fasting glucose with diet and intermediate insulin alone. Insulin requirements significantly decreased in both groups during the initial hospitalization when drug or placebo was added, presumably because of enforced dietary compliance. Thereafter, post-prandial glucoses worsened in the placebo group, as did hemoglobin A1c; neither of these parameters changed on the glyburide group by week 16, except for modest reduction of the 2h post-lunch glucose. Thus, while combined therapy provides little advantage beyond what can be accomplished with effective doses of intermediate insulin alone, it did reduce the need for this exogenous insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin release by tolazamide and paradoxical absence of glucose facilitation (Staub effect) in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Acceleration of glucose tolerance after repetitive intravenous glucose loads (Staub-Traugott effect) has not previously been tested in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Six overt, untreated subjects were administered three hourly IV glucose tolerance tests (GTT). The glucose disappearance rate (K) changed very little between loads, indicating a suppressed Staub effect. However, insulin levels increased with each load. The characteristic loss of early phase insulin release after the first intravenous glucose injection was recovered with the third injection. After four months of tolazamide treatment the fasting plasma glucose fell from 180 +/- 19 to 134 +/- 13 mg/dL. Despite dramatic potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin release and further improvement of early phase insulin release, K values again failed to progressively rise. This paradox occurred even in three additional subjects tested after two years of tolazamide treatment, suggesting that tolazamide may not ameliorate the postreceptor defects that impede the expression of the Staub effect. The applicability of the glucose facilitatory effect to the treatment of NIDDM might be limited to subjects in whom adjunctive measures have reestablished effective tissue responsiveness to endogenous insulin.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition by verapamil of the medium change induced stimulation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Mitotic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in confluent cultures as determined by increased thymidine incorporation is achieved by medium change, possibly by the action of serum derived factors. Results obtained by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation, glucose uptake and lactate production of cultured smooth muscle cells show that application of verapamil, a calcium entry blocker, prevents the stimulating effect of medium change. It is concluded that this type of stimulation is triggered by an influx of calcium ions accessible to calcium antagonistic drugs. It seems possible that the antiatherosclerotic effect of verapamil is based at least to some extent on a similar mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Percutaneous lymph node aspiration biopsy and tumor grade in staging of prostatic carcinoma.

Percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed for staging procedures in 31 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate and showed overall accuracy of 93.54%, with a false-negative rate of 6.46%. The Gleason grading system was found to be highly accurate in predicting the absence or presence of nodal metastases in low- and high-grade tumors (Gleason's sums 2, 3, or 4, and 8, 9, or 10). The combination of pelvic node biopsy aspiration and tumor grade can result in a very accurate prediction of nodal involvement, and may spare patients a staging lymphadenectomy or even an unnecessary radical operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Choline acetyltransferase in the chick limb bud.

In embryonic tissues a primitive cholinergic system is transiently expressed during morphogenesis. In the chick limb bud expression of the primitive cholinergic system in mesenchyme and central chondrogenic core precedes the appearance of the definitive cholinergic system in nerve and muscle. Here we show that, parallel to the expression of cholinesterase in mesenchyme and chondroblasts, embryonic cells are capable of acetylcholine synthesis. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured by the radiometric assay of Fonnum (1975).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Phonatory and manual reaction times of women with idiopathic spasmodic dysphonia.

This investigation compared the simple reaction times of 10 idiopathic spasmodic dysphonic women and 10 normal-speaking women matched individually for age and handedness. The reaction time stimulus in all response conditions was the offset of a 1000-Hz pure tone. Two of the experimental conditions required right and left forefinger button pressing. The remaining four experimental conditions required phonatory responses. The nonspeech phonatory responses consisted of inspiratory phonation and expiratory throat clearing; the speech-like phonatory responses required abrupt initiation of the isolated vowel and the word. The spasmodic dysphonic patients differed (p less than or equal to .05) from their matched controls only during production of. The results are compared to previous reaction time investigations and are related to factors which potentially can influence sensory-motor pathways prior to and during speech.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Phonatory and manual reaction times of stuttering and nonstuttering children.

This investigation compared the simple reaction times of 13 stuttering and 13 nonstuttering children matched individually for age, sex, and handedness. The reaction time stimulus in all response conditions was the offset of a 1000-Hz pure tone. Two of the experimental conditions required button-pressing responses, one using the left forefinger and the other the right. The remaining four experimental conditions required phonatory responses. The nonspeech phonatory responses consisted of inspiratory phonation and expiratory throat clearing; the speech-like phonatory responses required abrupt initiation of the isolated vowel and the word upper. The stuttering children were slower and more variable than the normal children only during phonatory initiation of throat clearing and. The results are compared to previous reaction time investigations with both children and adults and related to certain factors which potentially can influence sensorimotor pathways prior to and during speech.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Acoustical characteristics of intended syllabic stress in excellent esophageal speakers.

The ability of excellent esophageal speakers to manipulate acoustical characteristics associated with intended syllabic stress was studied. Five excellent esophageal speakers and five sex- and age-matched normals produced 10 sentence pairs, each containing a bisyllabic stimulus item differing only in primary stress placement. The mean fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and duration of the stressed and unstressed vowel nuclei were analyzed. Although some differences in absolute levels were apparent, only sound pressure level differences reached statistical significance. For both groups, intended primary stress was associated with a comparable pattern of increased fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and duration. The present findings suggest that excellent esophageal speakers are capable of producing some correlates of primary syllabic stress in a fashion remarkably similar to but somewhat less consistent than normals. The implications of these data for long-range clinical planning are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Laryngeal and manual reaction times of stuttering and nonstuttering adults.

This investigation compared the reaction times of thirteen stuttering and thirteen nonstuttering adults for forefinger button pressing, nonspeech vocal initiation, and speech-mode vocal initiation. The stutterers and nonstutterers were matched individually for age, sex, and handedness. The reaction-time stimulus in all response conditions was the offset of a 1000-Hz pure tone. Two of the experimental conditions required button pressing with the right and left forefingers. The remaining four responses required vocal-fold vibration. The nonspeech vocal activity consisted of inspiratory phonation and expiratory throat clearing. The speech-mode vocal activity required production of the isolated vowel and the word. The results demonstrated that stuttering and nonstuttering adults differed significantly only on tasks requiring speech phonation. These results are compared to previous reaction-time investigations and related to factors which may influence sensory-motor pathways prior to and during speech.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic effects of direct current stimulation on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Vascular smooth muscle cells from rabbit arteries were grown in tissue culture and stimulated by DC impulses (1 mA, 1 V, 10 Hz, 1 ms/imp). Scanning microscopic examination disclosed that in stimulated cultures the cell surface was enlarged by numerous microvilli. This was interpreted as being indicative of an increase in cell activity. Cellular metabolism was characterized by analyzing the incubation medium for glucose, glutamate/glutamine, and lactate. When compared to unstimulated controls, stimulation caused an increase in the uptake of glucose and glutamine as well as an increased lactate production. The enhancing effect on metabolism was prevented when the "calcium antagonist" verapamil was present (5 X 10(-6) M). Although the exact mechanism by which DC stimulation influences the cells remains obscure, this finding indicates an important mediating role of Ca2+ ions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-retractile foreskin: a single center 13-year experience.

BACKGROUND: Non-retractile foreskin comprise a significant number of referrals by pediatricians and general practitioners to pediatric surgical centers. In attempts to find alternatives to widely practised circumcision, various procedures have been developed over the years in order to relieve the non-fibrotic narrowing of the foreskin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a 13-year period from 1984-1997, we treated 2554 patients with non-retractile foreskin at our center. Dorsal relieving incision was the technique of choice and was performed in 2177 patients, circumcision in 73 patients and preputial adhesiolysis was sufficient to retract the foreskin in 284 patients. RESULTS: Satisfactory esthetic results, an extremely low rate of postoperative complications (1.8%) with a recurrence rate of only 0.8% (18 patients) was observed in our series with dorsal relieving incision. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal relieving incision operation was found to be a less invasive, safe and effective procedure for non-retractile foreskin not affected by extensive secondary scarring. This technique has fewer complications in comparison to circumcision and can be performed as an ambulatory procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic presentation of renal adenocarcinoma in urinary sediment.

The role of cytology in 44 cases of renal adenocarcinoma was evaluated. The diagnosis of neoplasia was made with radiographic means in all cases; urinary cytology was positive in only 19 patients (43.18%) and is therefore considered unsatisfactory in the detection of renal adenocarcinoma. The cytologic presentation of this disease was characterized by four different malignant cellular types. Multinucleated cells with distinct nucleoli as well as large vacuolated cells with hyperchromatic, eccentric nuclei showed the same cellular morphology seen in the corresponding histologic pictures. Granular eosinophilic cells, with pyknotic nuclei and distinct and/or ill-defined cytoplasmic borders, are believed to be the result of degenerative changes caused by the urinary environment. The multinucleated cell type was almost benign in appearance and could be confused with benign urothelial cells. The malignancy and the renal origin of such cells were confirmed by the observation of strikingly similar cells in the parent neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗