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Biomedical subjects

A Rodin

Publications and source records attributed to A Rodin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effect of positioning on dual energy X-ray bone densitometry of the proximal femur.

The influence of subject repositioning on the precision of bone mineral densitometry of the proximal femur using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was estimated by determining the variation in the bone mineral density (BMD) of subjects scanned with their foot and leg position varying from that routinely used in clinical scanning. The mean variations in BMD of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter were 2.7, 4.1 and 1.7%, respectively, in eight subjects scanned with the foot internally rotated by 0, 13 and 27 degrees. The mean variations in BMD in four subjects scanned with the leg in the customary position and abducted +/- 6 degrees from the conventionally used scanning position were 3.6, 2.8 and 1.6% for the same respective regions of interest. For diagnostic applications, the orientation of the leg and foot during scanning is relatively unimportant since the variations in BMD introduced by the different foot and leg orientations likely to be encountered in routine clinical scanning are small compared to the intrapopulation variation in BMD. However, for monitoring changes in BMD longitudinally, careful repositioning of the foot and leg will be necessary to achieve precision in vivo of less than 1%.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

Impact of bone mineral measurements on osteoporosis.

Dual photon absorptiometry enables measurement of bone mineral to be carried out at the clinically relevant sites of the spine and femur. Few would argue that it provides a powerful research tool, but defining its role in clinical practice has been somewhat more difficult. With the advent of X-ray based systems, studies can be rapidly carried out with improved precision, which has led to increased clinical interest. It is probable that this technology will be incorporated into routine use in the near future. In the present review we have addressed the role of dual photon absorptiometry in areas pertinent to osteoporosis and the direction in which recent developments are leading with regard to future research.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

Premenopausal bone loss in the lumbar spine and neck of femur: a study of 225 Caucasian women.

Two hundred and twenty-five premenopausal women were studied to evaluate age-related changes in trabecular bone mass. Measurements were made at the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual photon absorptiometry. It was found that spinal bone density increased significantly from the 20s to reach a peak in the mid-30s. Identical trends were observed in total bone mass and bone mass normalized by length. Bone loss then proceeded at a rate of 1% per year, and by the early 50s, 10% of peak spinal density was lost. There was no peak in femoral neck density; loss commenced in the late 20s and continued at a rate of 0.4% per year. The cumulative premenopausal loss from the femur at 9% was comparable to that in the spine. It is concluded that significant amounts of trabecular bone are lost from both the spine and femoral neck before the menopause. The implications of these findings for the prevention of osteoporosis are discussed.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

Gargoylism.

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Eponyms↗
PubMed1990

Faust complex.

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Drama↗
PubMed1990

Janiceps twins.

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Head↗
PubMed1990

Hypnosis.

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History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1990

Electra complex.

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Eponyms↗
PubMed1989

Bone mineral content of women receiving tamoxifen for mastalgia.

Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) has been used to measure the effect of short and medium-term administration of tamoxifen on bone density in the axial skeleton of women with mastalgia. This provided a unique opportunity to monitor the effect of this 'anti-oestrogenic' agent in predominantly premenopausal women, not suffering from malignancy. In addition, plasma levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and serum levels of oesteocalcin (GLA) have been assayed, both before and after 3 months of starting either tamoxifen or placebo treatment. No significant alterations in bone density were seen. Osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and electrolytes were unchanged and there was no dose response observed in women receiving either 10 mg or 20 mg of tamoxifen. Although possessing anti-oestrogenic properties, tamoxifen is also a partial agonist. Administration for the short periods does not measurably influence spinal or femoral bone density and thus the agent can probably be given safely for the short-term treatment of mastalgia.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1989

Bone mass in hirsute women with androgen excess.

The spinal and femoral bone mass of 32 hirsute women with oligomenorrhoea and androgen excess was measured using dual photon absorptiometry and compared with the bone mass of 32 control women with regular menstrual cycles. Despite significantly lower oestradiol levels in the hirsute population there was no significant difference in the bone mass. Furthermore there was no significant difference in bone mass in five hirsute women with undetectable levels of oestradiol. It is concluded that androgen excess can maintain normal bone mass in the face of low or undetectable oestradiol levels.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

Serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and osteocalcin in normal pregnancy.

We measured serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and osteocalcin levels in 40 healthy women at 4-week intervals throughout uncomplicated pregnancies and 6 weeks after delivery in 17 women. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the third trimester than in early pregnancy (P less than 0.001), and this elevation was still apparent at the end of the puerperium, suggesting increased bone turnover. Serum osteocalcin was not detected (less than 0.2 micrograms/L) after the first trimester in the majority of women, and it reappeared within 48 h after delivery. The disappearance of osteocalcin after the first trimester and its rapid reappearance after delivery suggest placental clearance of this peptide. We conclude that serum osteocalcin measurements cannot be used as a marker of bone metabolism during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid disease in pregnancy.

Thyroid disease may be pre-existing or rarely may arise de novo during pregnancy. It may have profound effects on the feto-maternal unit. Diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion and confirmation by biochemical tests of thyroid function. However, pregnancy masks the signs of thyroid disease and may alter the interpretation of thyroid function tests.

Female↗