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A Rodloff

Publications and source records attributed to A Rodloff.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Technical Notes on antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

The main objectives of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) are to harmonise breakpoints for antimicrobial agents in Europe, and to act as the breakpoint committee for the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) during the registration of new antimicrobial agents. Detailed EUCAST procedures for harmonising and setting breakpoints for antimicrobial agents are available on the EUCAST website. Beginning with the current issue, a series of EUCAST Technical Notes will be published in CMI, based on the rationale documents produced by EUCAST for each of the antimicrobial agents studied, with the aim of highlighting important background information underlying decisions on breakpoints made by EUCAST.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1996

Antimicrobial effects of oligoamines.

Twenty-four oligoamines belonging to six (1-6) structurally different types were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against 14 different bacterial species comprising a total of 187 strains. Ten compounds were able to inhibit growth of at least one strain at concentrations < or = 10 mumol/L. For three compounds, minimum inhibitory concentrations for some strains were even below 1 mumol/L. Clear structure-activity relationships showed that the inhibitory effect depended on the bridge connecting the nitrogen atoms, the substitution of the nitrogens, and the number of nitrogen atoms present in one molecule. Substitutions like N-4-phenylbutyl, N-octyl, and N-nonyl were most active, while short (butyl) and long (dodecyl) substituents diminished or abolished the activity. The antimicrobial spectrum of the oligoamines tested here covered gram-positive (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (e.g. Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp.) microorganisms. The type of action was classified as bactericidal. As the inhibition of growth is complete immediately after the addition of the oligoamines, an interaction with the bacterial cell-membrane is probable.

Amines↗
PubMed1989

Relation between Escherichia coli R(rough)-forms in gut, lipid A in liver, and primary biliary cirrhosis.

Since antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) specific to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) recognise enterobacterial proteins and can be induced by R(rough)-mutants of enterobacteriaceae a study was done to find out the prevalence of enterobacterial R-forms in stool samples of patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. Liver biopsy specimens were also examined for lipid A, a common antigenic component of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria. In all stool samples from the 21 patients with PBC Escherichia coli R-forms constituted up to half of the total amount of E coli. In contrast E coli R-forms were detectable in the stools of only 1 healthy control (n = 20), and in 25% of patients with other cholestatic diseases (n = 10), chronic hepatitis type B (n = 15), type non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 15), or chronic pancreatitis and fat malabsorption (n = 8). An immunoblot technique showed that E coli R-forms isolated from patients' stools contained PBC-specific AMA-reactive proteins with molecular weights of 70-80 kD and 50 kD. Deposits of lipid A, located primarily in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, were found in 11 patients with PBC but not in the liver of patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Circulating antibodies against lipid A were found rarely and in low titres. The data support the hypothesis that intestinal enterobacterial R-forms are aetiologically important in PBC and that antigens released from the bacterial cell wall contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Are antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis induced by R(rough)-mutants of enterobacteriaceae?

Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-positive serum samples from 45 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and AMA-negative serum samples from patients with chronic liver diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, or rheumatoid arthritis were studied by an immunoblot technique with mitochondria from bovine heart and pig kidney and with several strains of gram-negative bacteria as antigens after separation by sodiumdodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Serum from patients with PBC recognised up to three mitochondrial antigens with molecular weights of 70 kD, 50 kD, and 42 kD. Equivalent patterns were found with bands at 70-80 kD and 50-52 kD with Enterobacteriaceae as antigens. AMA-reactive polypeptides were localised in the ribosomal and membrane fractions from Enterobacteriaceae but differed from known outer membrane proteins. Conversely, PBC-specific mitochondrial antigens at 70 kD and 50 kD were recognised by rabbit antisera against Salmonella minnesota Rb and Rc mutants but not by antisera against wild-type Enterobacteriaceae. Absorption experiments and two-dimensional immunoblotting studies confirmed that mitochondria and gram-negative bacteria share identical PBC-specific determinants. It seems that PBC-specific antigens are expressed in gram-negative bacteria and that these antigens may be immunogenic in mutants with defective polysaccharide synthesis. The data support the hypothesis of a bacterial aetiology for PBC.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Endotoxinemia and bacteremia in manual oral decompression of ileus].

In the framework of the present clinical prospective study using a randomly selected patient collective, the question was pursued whether manual oral decompression (MOD), done in connection with surgical intervention in severely ill patients with ileus of the large and small intestine, leads to detectable bacteremia or higher concentrations of endotoxin in serum. From October, 1985 to March, 1987, bacteriological tests were conducted and the endotoxin concentrations in serum were measured in a total of 31 patients. 71% of the patients were female and 29% were male, aged 18-89. The endotoxin measurement was conducted with the aid of the limulus-amoebocyte-lysate (LAL) test, modified according to Piotrowicz. Additionally, bacteriological tests were done of the operation sites and the decompressed gastro-intestinal secretions. Simultaneously, cultures from the central blood stream were prepared. The tests showed that bacteremia and endotoxinemia occur in connection with manual oral decompression (MOD). Neither of the two, however, has any clinically relevant influence on the further post-operative course. Thus, manual oral decompression continues to represent an indispensable maneuver in the surgical management of an ileus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis with metronidazole in elective colonic and rectal surgery. Results of a clinical controlled study and a critical literature review].

The pathogen spectrum of wound infections in colon surgery is composed almost exclusively of facultatively aerobic and obligatorily anaerobic intestinal flora. A study was performed in which a one-shot prophylaxis was carried out by applying metronidazole, 500 mg i.v., or latamoxef (lamoxactam) 2 g i.v., on induction of anesthesia. The metronidazole group evidenced a 26.3% incidence of infections due exclusively to aerobic pathogens. In the latamoxef (lamoxactam) group, it was possible to achieve a reduction of the postoperative rate of wound infections to 11.1%. The study was prematurely terminated because of the high rate of wound infections in the metronidazole group and the exclusive selecting of aerobic pathogens.

Colon↗