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Biomedical subjects

A Rohold

Publications and source records attributed to A Rohold.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Correlations between insulin sensitivity and bone mineral density in non-diabetic men.

AIMS: To investigate relationships between bone mineral density (BMD), insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, controlling for body composition, in view of data suggesting that hyperglycaemia [corrected] leads to decreased osteoblast proliferation and a negative calcium balance and that insulin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and collagen synthesis, with no clear evidence if this response in impaired in insulin resistance. METHODS: Femur and whole body (WB) BMD was measured in 55 male patients with ischaemic heart disease and 40 healthy men, using a Hologic QDR-2000 densitometer. Insulin sensitivity (Si) was estimated as the rate of glucose disappearance divided by the area under the insulin curve during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Insulin and C-peptide levels were not correlated with BMD, but Si was a significant predictor of femur (log, r = 0.35) and WB BMD (log r = 0.29, both P<0.01), even after controlling for weight and age. Fat mass (FM) was a predictor of BMD (femur: r = 0.33 P<0.01, WB: r = 0.43 P<0.001). In the femur the association with FM disappeared when log(Si) was entered in the regression. Lean body mass (LBM) contributed significantly to BMD (r = 0.50 and r = 0.66, both P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results are compatible with a direct influence of lean body mass on bone, while the impact of fat mass may consist of insulin resistance with increased insulin exposure of bone. It is hypothesized that patients with insulin resistance in the metabolic pathway do not exhibit resistance to the skeletal actions of insulin.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1993

The basis for common reference intervals for serum potassium.

In order to investigate the relevance of the currently used lower reference limit for S-Potassium in Danish hospital laboratories, analytical bias in the measurement of S-Potassium was compared with the lower reference limit in each of 52 Danish hospital laboratories. The acceptable bias range was estimated according to Gowans et al on the basis of the result of two different reference sample groups. The estimated acceptable 0.95 bias range was 0.24 mmol/L, so the observed bias range of 0.23 mmol/L was within this limit. As all preanalytical errors tend to increase the measured S-Potassium, all acceptable bias should be in the direction of decreasing the measured value. It can be concluded that analytical performance allows for more uniform (even common) reference interval(s) in all Danish and perhaps Nordic hospital laboratories, provided that preanalytical errors can be controlled.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1992

Reference intervals based on hospitalized 'healthy' patients and medical students in relation to analytical bias for serum potassium.

The reliability of reference intervals for measurements of serum (S)-potassium in Danish hospital laboratories was investigated (i) by estimation of reference interval based on two different, healthy subpopulations and (ii) by comparison of reference intervals for S-potassium with analytical bias in each of 52 Danish laboratories. (i) The reference values from 227 hospitalized 'healthy' patients were obtained during the period 1979 to 1987 from the first-drawn serum specimen from the hospitalized patients, who were later discharged from the hospital without a diagnosis. The estimated 0.95 reference interval was 3.34 to 4.52 mmol l-1. The other reference sample group consisted of 314 medical students from whom blood was collected in the period from 1983 to 1987. Here the estimated reference interval was from 3.44 to 4.53 mmol l-1. The concentration values from both reference sample groups were corrected for analytical bias (+0.05 mmol l-1). (ii) The 52 Danish laboratories revealed a considerable variability in reference intervals which, regarding the lower reference limit, ranged from 3.2 to 3.7 mmol l-1 in strong contrast to the analytical bias (ranging from -0.08 to +0.15 mmol l-1) in 50 laboratories (two outliers). There was no relationship between lower reference limit and analytical bias in the individual laboratories. It is concluded that analytical performance allows for more uniform (even common) reference intervals throughout the Danish and perhaps Nordic hospital laboratories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hypotension during exercise caused by venodilatation.

A 54-year-old woman without organic heart disease presented with presyncopal symptoms during work. A decreased cardiac output was demonstrated by haemodynamic measurements during exercise. Treatment with fludrocortisone and ephedrine was initiated with a good haemodynamic and symptomatic result.

Exercise↗
PubMed1989

[Fatal thrombocytopenia triggered by quinidine].

A woman aged 60 years receiving anticoagulation treatment on account of artificial mitral and aortic valve prostheses developed severe thrombocytopenia three weeks after the commencement of quinidine treatment. The results of investigations suggested severe thrombocytopenia precipitated by quinidine. The severe thrombocytopenia persisted despite intensive treatment and the condition ended fatally on account of cerebral haemorrhage. The combination of quinidine and oral anticoagulation treatment is not unusual and it is important to bear in mind that both of these preparations may cause increased haemorrhagic tendencies.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of beta blockers combined with thiazides on serum electrolytes].

The case reports of a total of 9,670 patients admitted to a medical department were reviewed manually. From this material, all patients receiving treatment with beta-blockers alone, bendroflumethiazide alone or combinations of these were selected. In addition, a control group was selected. The patients should have received treatment for at least seven days and they should not be "ill". Patients receiving treatment with beta-blockers had higher S-K+ (4.2 mmol/l) and lower standard bicarbonate levels (23 mmol/l) than matched controls. Patients receiving treatment with bendroflumethiazide had low S-K+ (3.6 mmol/l) and high standard bicarbonate (26 mmol/l). Patients receiving treatment with both bendroflumethiazide and beta-blocker had low S-K+ (3.4 mmol/l) and the same standard bicarbonate as patients who received bendroflumethiazide alone. A more limited group chosen according to stricter criteria confirmed the above mentioned results. The investigation demonstrated that treatment with both beta-blocker and bendroflumethiazide caused deterioration of the hypokalaemia induced by bendroflumethiazide despite the higher S-K+ during beta-blockade. This may be due to renal excretion of potassium during beta-blockade.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease. Prevalence and treatment in patients referred for coronary arteriography.

UNLABELLED: A reduction in serum total cholesterol (T-C) levels has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and to decrease the need for revascularization. To examine the prevalence and treatment of lipid disorders in patients referred for their first coronary angiogram, medical history and fasting blood samples were collected in 108 consecutive patients. Ninety-one patients (84.3%) fulfilled the criteria for dyslipidemia. Hypercholesterolemia had previously been demonstrated in 53 patients (49.1%), and 34 (64.2%) of these patients still had T-C > 6.0 mmol/l at the time of admission. Among 55 patients who were unaware of any lipid disorders at admission, 28 (50.9%) had T-C > 6.0 mmol/l. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients referred for their first coronary angiogram and possible revascularization suffered from dyslipidemia. Many patients with previously recognized dyslipidemia were insufficiently treated.

Aged↗