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Biomedical subjects

A Rommel

Publications and source records attributed to A Rommel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Incidence of pathologic ammonia concentrations in the plasma in children with seizure disorders treated with Convulsofin/Convulex and other anticonvulsants in comparison with children with brain damage and healthy children].

In healthy children plasma ammonia concentrations show values from 12.3 to 57.2 mumol/l (80%-range) (group I). We also measured plasma ammonia in epilepsy patients with valproate therapy (group II) and epilepsy patients treated with other anticonvulsiva (group III). In a fourth group there were children with various cerebral lesions without episodes and without anticonvulsiva therapy. There were significant differences between group I and group II and group II and group IV respectively. But no significant differences were found between the patients who were treated with valproate and the patients with cerebral lesions. The data does not allow the plasma ammonia concentration to be taken as a control parameter in children treated with valproate. Ammonia estimation at the beginning of therapy, however, may be used as risk indicator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Immunologic changes in linear scleroderma in children. Apropos of 11 cases].

Immunologic data collected in 11 children (6 girls and 3 boys under fourteen) presenting with linear scleroderma were analysed in a retrospective study: 2 children presented with superficial linear scleroderma, 6 with monomelic scleroderma, 1 with dimelic scleroderma, 1 with the "en coup de sabre" variety associated with dimelic homolateral involvement, and another with "en coup de sabre" scleroderma combined with facial hemiatrophy: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were demonstrated in 9/11 cases (i. e. 81 p. 100). The immunofluorescence staining pattern was homogeneous in all nine with a low titer (less than 250 in 5 of them). ANA to single stranded DNA was present in 1/3. The demonstration of ANA in these 9 children was correlated with deep or extensive sclerosis with muscular involvement in 7. But neither the presence nor the titer of ANA were correlated with the subsequent development of osteoarticular sequelae. The level of total complement appeared to be lowered in 3/8 cases. No renal involvement was demonstrated. Blood tests for circulating immune complexes were positive in 4/8 patients. Skin biopsy for direct immunofluorescence was performed in 6 children and demonstrated immunoglobulin deposits in 4: three had IgM fixation on the dermo-epidermal junction, and one had speckled fixation of IgG on epidermal nuclei (this has not previously been reported in localized scleroderma). There data highlight: a--the high frequency of ANA in linear scleroderma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pentopril, a new angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in humans.

In a single, ascending-dose tolerance study, nine healthy volunteers were given oral pentopril 50 to 750 mg (CGS 13945) in groups of three each. Disposition characteristics of pentopril and its active metabolite (CGS 13934) were determined using plasma concentration and urinary excretion data. The drug was absorbed rapidly following zero-order kinetics. The drug has an apparent volume of distribution of 0.83 L/kg and an oral clearance of about 0.79 L/hr/kg. Urinary excretions, calculated after 125- and 250-mg doses, showed a dose proportional urinary recovery of 21% (+/- 5%) for pentopril and 40% (+/- 5%) for CGS 13934. In the multiple-dose study of 125 mg orally q12h in six healthy subjects, the plasma concentrations for both drug and metabolite showed no appreciable accumulation of either compound, which was expected from their short pharmacokinetic half-lives (pentopril, less than 1 hr; CGS 13934, approximately 2 hr). In a separate pharmacodynamic study, drug and metabolite concentrations were evaluated against angiotensin-I (AI)-induced changes in blood pressure and plasma angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) activity in healthy volunteers after single oral doses (range, 10-500 mg). The pharmacodynamic half-life for plasma ACE inhibition increased with the dose (10 mg, 1.5 hr; 500 mg, 9.8 hr). There was a close relationship between the plasma level of the metabolite and the inhibition of plasma ACE activity and AI-induced pressor response. A hyperbolic function adequately described the dependence of plasma ACE activity on plasma metabolite concentration with a concentration at half-maximal inhibition of 53 ng/mL.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Effect of food on the bioavailability of pentopril, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, in healthy subjects.

Pentopril (CGS 13945) was administered in 125-mg capsules to eight healthy men on two occasions according to a randomized schedule; on one occasion in the fasting state and on the other occasion immediately following the ingestion of a standardized meal. Unlike captopril, a prototype angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, there was no significant difference in the peak plasma concentration for either the drug or its active metabolite (CGS 13934) between the fasting and the fed states. There was also no appreciable change in the area under the plasma curve for the drug and its metabolite after administration of drug in the presence of food compared with a fasting state. There was, however, a lag time in drug absorption after ingestion of food, which resulted in a significant increase in peak time for the active metabolite in plasma. Food delays the body's absorption of the drug and hence the appearance of its active metabolite in plasma without any significant effect on the relative bioavailability. Because relative bioavailability is not affected in the presence of food, such a delay may not have any therapeutic importance on chronic administration.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1985

[Fabry's disease].

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Fabry Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Systemic scleroderma].

The etiology of systemic scleroderma is still unknown. This disease is well individualized by its usual forms, i.e. acrosclerosis and diffuse form, whose features and prognosis differ. The description of new entities has generated further interest, particularly through a different diagnostic and therapeutic approach. No specific biologic or immunologic criteria of the disease have as yet been discovered. Prognosis depends mainly upon the severity of visceral involvement. There have been little improvements in therapy which rests upon presumptive physiopathological hypotheses.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1984

[Bullous pemphigoid. Current aspects].

Bullous pemphigoid is characterized, since the use of cutaneous immunofluorescence as a routine technique, by a linear deposition of IgG and C3 in the basal membrane zone. This has led to the description of unusual clinical aspects and onset forms which were formerly unrecognized. Insight into the intricate mechanism of dermo-epidermal separation, which is the basic defect of the disease, has very lately been gained by immunologic and electronic microscopy studies. However, at present, the nosologic position of bullous pemphigoid in relation to herpes gestationnis and cicatricial pemphigoid cannot be satisfactorily specified. The exact outcome is still poorly known. This is probably due to a poorly standardized management. Systemic corticotherapy, although not the only treatment, still provides the best results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thalidomide neuropathy: an electrophysiologic study.

Thalidomide is effective in the treatment of such disabling dermatologic diseases as aphthosis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and prurigo nodularis, in which other drugs fail. However, its use can induce neuropathy necessitating caution in its administration. It was found in this electrophysiologic study of 13 patients that the data best revealing neuropathy, even when clinical abnormalities were not apparent, were reduction of sensory nerve action potential amplitude on the sural nerve, increase of somatosensory evoked potential latency following sural nerve stimulation, and reduction of sensory action potential amplitude on stimulating the median nerve at the wrist. In two patients, electrophysiologic abnormalities had increased after withdrawal, suggesting a prolonged action of thalidomide. Timely reduction of dosage, after detection of changes indicating the onset of side effects, could reduce the risk of the sometimes rapid emergence of clinical symptoms.

Action Potentials↗