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A Rotter

Publications and source records attributed to A Rotter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. I. Technique for autoradiographic localization of the binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard and its distribution in the forebrain.

[3H]Propylbenzilylcholine mustard ([3H]PrBCM) is a synthetic, potent muscarinic antagonist, which binds specifically and irreversibly by means of a covalent linkage to muscarinic receptors. Ten micrometer coronal cryostat sections taken through unfixed rat brain at the level of the maximum extent of the caudate nucleus were mounted on glass slides and incubated with 2.4 nM [3H]PrBCM at 30 degrees C for 25 min. They showed a total binding of 3250 pmol/g protein, of which 2130 pmol/g protein was sensitive to pretreatment with 10-6 M atropine. The specific (atropine-sensitive) binding was saturable. Saturation was reached at 15 min, with a rate constant of 1.3 x 106 M-1 sec-1. Binding was unaffected by drugs acting at nicotinic receptors (D-tubocurarine, hexamethonium), or by physostigmine, but was inhibited by muscarinic drugs (pilocarpine, oxotremorine, 3-quinuclidinylbenzilate). Postfixation for 15 min in Carnoy's fixative reduced the specific binding by 10% and the non-specific by 50%. Prefixation (i.e. before incubation with [3H]PrBCM) with any fixatives containing formaldehyde largely prevented specific binding, but a range of concentrations of glutaraldehyde (2% to 0.05%) caused only small reductions in specific binding (e.g. 0.1% glutaraldehyde caused only a 6% reduction). Clear, regionally specific patterns of localization of specific label in light microscope autoradiographs could be obtained from cryostat sections prefixed with 0.1% glutaraldehyde, incubated with 2.4 nM [3H]PrBCM for 15 min at 30 degrees C, and postfixed for 15 min in Carnoy's solution. Of the 105 forebrain areas studied 12 had grain counts between 6 and 9 times the non-specific level and a further 30 had counts 4 to 6 times non-specific. The higher grain counts were in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, pyriform cortex, stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, cortico-amygdaloid transition zone, anteroventral thalamic nucleus, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and in laminae 3 and 6 of the neocortex (parietal region). There were high grain densities over the choroid plexus the lateral but not the third or fourth ventricles.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. II. Distribution of binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard in the midbrain and hindbrain.

The distribution of muscarinic receptors has been studied in the rat midbrain and hindbrain by counting silver grains in light microscope autoradiographs of the specific (atropine-sensitive) binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard in cryostat sections. Of the 78 areas studied 6 had grain counts between 6 and 9 times the nonspecific level ("high"), and a further 15 had counts 4-6 times non-specific ("intermediate"). The basilar pontine nuclei and the ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus had high counts. Among the cranial nerve motor nuclei the facial and hypoglossal nuclei had high counts and the motor trigeminal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus had medium counts. The interpeduncular nucleus as a whole had low counts but there were two bands of intense staining on each side around the entry zone of the bundles of afferent cholinergic fibres from the habenula. Intermediate levels of binding occurred over the inferior colliculus and the superficial and intermediate grey layers of the superior colliculus. The molecular layer of the vestibulocerebellar vermis was distinctly labelled.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Muscarinic receptofs in the central nervous system of the rat. III. Postnatal development of binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard.

The postnatal development of muscarinic receptors has been studied in 7 selected areas from the brains of 1-17-day-old rats by counting silver grains in light microscope autoradiographs of the specific (atropine-sensitive) binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard in cryostat sections. A major part of the adult receptor density is present at 1 day of age, a time when only a small fraction of the adult number of synapses has yet been formed. Of the areas studied the hypoglossal nucleus is the most precocious in muscarinic receptor development, and the dentate gyrus the latest (associated with the late development of the dentate granule cells). The pattern of receptor distribution changes with development. The caudate-putamen first develops receptor in patches, beginning at the lateral (ventricular) surface. The pontine nuclei develop receptor in a medial to lateral sequence. The maturation of the adult laminar pattern of the olfactory bulb depends on the alignment of cells (especially the mitral cells). The neocortex initially has uniform labelling throughout its depth, and later the labelling in layer 4 becomes relatively less dense (probably associated with the ingrowth of afferent fibres). The hippocampal formation first develops receptor evenly over the pyramidal cell dendrites; later receptor appears over the newly formed dentate stratum moleculare and becomes much reduced over the hippocampal stratum lucidum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare (probably associated with the ingrowth of afferent fibres from the dentate gyrus and entorhinal area). In the cerebellum muscarinic receptor is found only in the lobules which receive the primary vestibular afferents. In the neonate it is present in the granular layer, but this later disappears and is replaced by the adult pattern of labelling in the molecular layer.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. IV. A comparison of the effects of axotomy and deafferentation on the binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard and associated synaptic changes in the hypoglossal and pontine nuclei.

The reaction of axotomy has been studied in the rat hypoglossal nucleus by quantitative electron microscopical counts of numbers of synapses and by changes in muscarinic receptors assessed by counting silver grains in light microscope autoradiographs of the specific (atropine-sensitive) binding of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard in cryostat sections. For the first 5 days after unilateral peripheral hypoglossal nerve axotomy the muscarinic ligand binding falls to 50% of control levels and then shows no further fall for up to 30 days. Synapse numbers decrease progressively over the first 10 days after operation, by which time they reach 50% of normal. Thus receptor changes reach completion at a time when synapse loss is still continuing. Later, both muscarinic ligand binding and synapse numbers recover to an extent which depends at least in part on the effectiveness of the peripheral nerve regeneration, suggesting that both the receptor and synapse changes may be dependent upon neuromuscular contacts. The reactions of muscarinic receptors to axotomy and deafferentation have been studied in the rat basilar pontine nuclei. Cerebellectomy, which causes axotomy of the pontine neurones and also removes their postsynaptic targets (the granule cells), causes no change in pontine muscarinic receptor over the first week after operation. This differs from the rapid fall in hypoglossal muscarinic receptors induced by axotomy. At longer survivals after cerebellectomy there is a partial loss of pontine muscarinic receptors associated with atrophy of the pontine neurones. Destruction of the neocortical afferents causes a loss of at least half of the synapses in the pontine neuropil. However, the light microscopic autoradiographic study revealed no obvious changes in the dentisy or distribution of the pontine muscarinic receptors from 4 days to more than 6 months after operation.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1975

Experimental benzene poisoning.

In guinea pigs poisoned with benzene fumes, early signs of biochemical impairment of the liver parenchyma were demonstrated. Enzyme activities and serum proteins were assayed in the blood of the animals. The results indicate the need for liver function testing in workers exposed to the toxic action of benzene.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1974

Thermal denaturation of calf thymus DNA: existence of a GC-richer fraction.

In 2.5 x 10(-4)M EDTA buffer, the derivative melting curve of calf thymus DNA shows a major band at 47 degrees with a shoulder at about 54 degrees . The fraction of melting area of this shoulder is about 13%. For reconstituted polylysine-calf thymus DNA complexes, in addition to the melting of free DNA regions at about 50 degrees (T(m)) there is another melting at about 106 degrees (T(m)) of polylysine-bound regions. The melting band of the complex at T(m) is not symmetrical. As more polylysine is bound to DNA the melting amplitude is diminished greatly on the major band at 47 degrees but only slightly on the shoulder at 54 degrees . The insensitivity of this shoulder appears to result from the existence of a 13% fraction of calf thymus DNA containing 55% GC. It is not favorably bound by polylysine. It remains in the supernatant after centrifugation and melts at about 54-56 degrees . This conclusion is further supported by two facts: the reconstitution method provides a condition for selective binding of polylysine to AT-rich DNA, and it yields a fully symmetric melting band at T(m) for complexes of polylysine with homogeneous bacterial DNA such as the one from M. luteus.

Animals↗