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Biomedical subjects

A Rudolph

Publications and source records attributed to A Rudolph.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Use of statistics in the Journal of School Health 1979-1983: a content analysis.

A content analysis of the statistical methods employed in the research/evaluation articles published in Volumes 49-53 of the Journal of School Health (JOSH) was performed. Questions addressed included: To what extent does JOSH publish articles having a research/evaluation theme? Does knowledge of a few basic statistical techniques provide access to the statistical components of a high percentage of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH? Which additional, but more complex techniques are used most often by authors? Results indicated that, to have access to the statistical content of about three-fourths of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH, a reader would have to have learned descriptive statistics, analysis of contingency tables, analysis of variance, t-tests, and multiple comparison tests. Knowledge of these and other statistical procedures might assist school health practitioners read research/evaluation reports, and adapt the findings to their respective work settings. Moreover, content analyses can be tools for assessing the state-of-the-art of a profession, as well as helping to plan for practitioners' continuing education needs.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1985

[Hemodynamic effects of an etomidate-flunitrazepam or midazolam- fentanyl combination for induction of anesthesia in patients with heart valve diseases].

A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of 3 anaesthetic techniques, the combinations etomidate + fentanyl (I), flunitrazepam + fentanyl (II) or midazolam + fentanyl (III), respectively was carried out in 45 patients undergoing various types of cardiac valve replacement surgery. Haemodynamics were assessed by continuously measuring the heart rate as well as the blood pressure in the systemic and pulmonary circulations whereas the cardiac output was measured intermittently. In the first 30 minutes after induction of anaesthesia, a mean arterial blood pressure drop of 10% (I), 20% (II) or 15% (III) respectively, was observed; at the same time, the rate did not change significantly. Cardiac index, however, fell significantly in all 3 groups by 33% (I) 30% (II) or 28% (III), respectively. Pulmonary pressure, wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance rose only in groups I and III and decreased in group II (flunitrazepam + fentanyl). On the other hand, pulmonary vascular resistance as well as left ventricular work index were significantly decreased in all 3 groups. We conclude that all 3 anaesthetic techniques investigated here may be effectively applied for safe induction of anaesthesia in patients with valvular lesions of the heart. On account of the effect of the combination flunitrazepam + fentanyl on decreasing pulmonary artery pressure and wedge pressure, this technique seems to be preferable in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins in vivo. Identification of histone H2B as a major acceptor for mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) in dimethyl sulfate-treated hepatoma AH 7974 cells.

Nuclear mono- and poly(ADP-ribosyl) protein conjugates formed in living hepatoma AH 7974 cells in response to treatment with the alkylating agent dimethyl sulfate have been studied. They were isolated from the perchloric acid precipitate of freshly prepared nuclei in a relatively pure form and with an overall yield of more than 80%, utilizing aminophenylboronic acid-agarose chromatography. Exposure of the cells to 400 microM dimethyl sulfate led to a transient rise of ADP-ribosylated proteins. After 20 min, the level of endogenous poly(ADP-ribosyl) residues increased by a factor of 21, amounting to a final value of 772 +/- 57 pmol/mg of DNA while the mono(ADP-ribosyl) residues were raised to even higher concentrations (1864 pmol/mg of DNA), corresponding to a 12-fold stimulation as compared to untreated cells. As a result of dimethyl sulfate treatment, the amount of acceptor protein being modified by (ADP-ribose)n was elevated 15-fold, reaching a final proportion of 2.3 +/- 0.4% of total nuclear protein. The increase in (ADP-ribosyl)n-modified proteins was suppressed by benzamide, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. More than half of the nuclear mono- and poly(ADP-ribosyl) residues were linked to histone H2B. The modifying residues could be removed from the major acceptor by treatment with 0.1 M NaOH, but not with neutral hydroxylamine. Minor amounts of other histones, especially of histone H4, were possibly also ADP-ribosylated under the stimulating effect of dimethyl sulfate. In addition, several nonhistone proteins with apparent molecular masses of 100-116 and 170 kDa were found to carry substantial amounts of mono- and poly(ADP-ribose).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A study of pregnancy outcomes in a maternity center and a tertiary care hospital.

This study compares 796 pregnancy outcomes at a maternity center (BMC) with 804 hospital (TJUH) pregnancy outcomes. The samples of pregnant women from the participating institutions were matched on sociodemographic characteristics; analysis of outcomes was performed controlling for medical-obstetric risk. Differences between the institutions were found mainly among women with low intrapartum risk. For these women, neonatal morbidity and length of infant nursery stay were lower at BMC than at TJUH. The percentage of infants with one-minute Apgar scores less than 7 or requiring resuscitation at birth was greater at BMC, but the percentage of infants with five-minute Apgar scores less than 7 as well as neonatal mortality rates did not differ between the two institutions. The number of women with intrapartum or postpartum fever was too small to permit comparison. The study results suggest that care delivered at BMC is safe with regard to the evaluative criteria used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Patterns of obstetric procedures use in maternity care.

The use of seven obstetric procedures was studied in two institutions that use different approaches to maternity care. The study population included 796 women delivering at Booth Maternity Center and 804 women with similar sociodemographic characteristics delivering at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital during 1977 and 1978. Several differences were found between the two institutions. The majority of selected procedures were used more often at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital than at Booth Maternity Center. The greatest differences were found for women at low intrapartum risk, while differences were smallest for women at high prenatal and intrapartum risk. The two institutions differed in their use of procedures for women at various levels of prenatal and intrapartum risk. The findings suggested that most of the differences did not reflect different levels of risk in the populations served, but were due to other unidentified factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Low-molecular-weight polypeptides of vicilin from Vicia faba L. are products of proteolytic breakdown.

Vicilin, the main 7-S globulin of Vicia faba L., undergoes cleavage during prolonged treatment at room temperature, which can be inhibited by protease inhibitors such as 1 microM leupeptin. The cleavage products show identical electrophoretic mobilities with the polypeptides normally visible after sodium dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis of vicilin prepared from mature seeds. N-terminal amino acid analysis of electrophoretically prepared polypeptides reveals serine as common N terminus of the two largest polypeptides of Mr approximately equal to 50000 and 35000. According to serological experiments and peptide mapping the low-molecular-weight polypeptides (Mr approximately equal to 35000; 31000; 19000 and below) have antigenic determinants and amino acid sequences, respectively, that are similar to each other and are all contained within the structure of the large polypeptide of Mr approximately equal to 50000. This leads of the conclusion that polypeptides of Mr approximately equal to 35000 and below are derived by proteolysis from one (or a few closely related) polypeptide(s) of Mr approximately equal to 50000 and that proteolysis starts soon after biosynthesis as a post-translational process within the developing seed. Some experiments indicate the existence of 'nicking' points within the vicilin polypeptides, which are the major cleavage sites during preparation. These observations strongly support the view that 'native' vicilin is a trimeric or tetrameric globulin with polypeptides of Mr greater than or equal to 50000.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

A phase I and clinical pharmacology study of intravenously administered carminomycin in cancer patients in the United States.

Carminomycin (CMN) was administered i.v. to 44 patients with a variety of nonhematological cancers every 4 weeks at doses of 15, 20, 22.5, and 25 mg/sq m. Granulocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity. The median granulocyte count for previously untreated patients receiving 22.5 mg/sq m was 0.962 cells/microliters, and for previously treated patients receiving 20 mg/sq m it was 0.420 cell/microliters. Moderate to severe phlebitis was associated with drug administration in 50% of cases. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia were mild. Three of nine patients who received a total CMN dose of greater than or equal to 100 mg/sq m (mean, 132 mg/sq m) developed unexplained decreases in radionuclide cardiac ejection fraction, with one patient developing decreased QRS amplitude and congestive heart failure at a total dose of 160 mg/sq m. CMN is rapidly metabolized to carminomycinol. The elimination half-lives of CMN and carminomycinol are 6 to 10 and 50 hr, respectively. CMN was found to be a more potent inhibitor of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units than was carminomycinol. Objective partial responses were seen in two of seven previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer and one of three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck previously untreated with chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of vinblastine-loaded platelets utilized in the treatment of platelet-phagocytizing tumors.

Vinblastine-loaded platelets (VLP) have been successfully used in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Three patients with platelet-phagocytizing tumors and thrombocytopenia were treated with VLP. Patient 1 has sustained a response for 11 months. Patient 2 was not evaluable for response because of early death. Patient 3 had a brief partial response. Vinblastine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the platelet-rich plasma, platelet-poor plasma, and serum. The pharmacokinetic data obtained on the patients suggest that: (a) the amount of vinblastine bound to platelets in vivo is a function of the platelet-poor plasma vinblastine level and the platelet count; (b) VLP will probably not have any therapeutic advantage, compared with iv vinblastine alone in patients with normal platelet counts; and (c) it appears that delivery of vinblastine was tumor-specific, since the bone marrow serum vinblastine level in patient 2, obtained when the marrow was replaced by tumor cells, was 2.5-fold higher than a simultaneous peripheral blood serum vinblastine level after VLP. Additional studies with VLP appear warranted in patients with platelet-phagocytizing tumors resulting in thrombocytopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Protein screening in wheat and broad bean specimens in Gatersleben].

Actually and in future times plant proteins will constitute the main and primary source of proteins in animal feeding and human alimentation. Therefore, the main efforts to resolve the world nutrition problems are focused on the increase of the protein production and the improvement of the nutritional quality of plant seed proteins. In this regard plant breeding occupies one of the most important strategic positions. With the aim of selecting forms with elevated grain protein content and improved protein quality the systematic screening of collections of wild forms and cultivated cereals and leguminoses constitutes a pre-requisite of successful breeding work in relation to the above-mentioned task. In 1970 the Central Institute of Genetics and Investigation of Cultivated Plants at Gatersleben, GDR, belonging to the Academy of Sciences, started a systematic protein screening with about 10000 wheat, 6500 barley and 450 broad bean specimens, which are parts of the World Collection of Cultivated Plants at this institute. Protein determination was performed by the traditional KJELDAHL-method. Limiting amino acids, essentially lysin from cereal grains, were estimated by automatic ion exchange technique. The annual analytic capacity amounted to 6000 to 8000 samples. First results and problems of wheat- and broad bean-screening are reported in the present publication.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Multilating granuloma inguinale.

Granuloma inguinale is an uncommon infectious granulomatous disease of the inguinale area that can insidiously engulf and mutilate tissue. The reported case of granuloma inguinale demonstrated the painless progression of the disease to destroy most penile, scrotal, and inguinal tissue and also showed the subsequent satisfactory therapeutic result with antibiotic treatment. Light microscopy of plastic-embedded thin-sectioned tissue specimens allowed clear demonstration of the Donovan bodies and may be valuable in diagnosis.

Granuloma Inguinale↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric angiocardiography with iohexol.

A nonionic contrast medium (iohexol) was evaluated for safety and efficacy in pediatric angiocardiography in this study of 15 patients, age 6 to 82 months. Patients carried a preliminary diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Subjects were injected with iohexol, 350 mg iodine/ml of solution with an average volume of 2.46 ml/kg of body weight at a rate of 9 to 14.5 ml/sec. The parameters evaluated included vital signs, intravascular BP, ECG changes, discomfort, and adverse reactions. No adverse reactions were noted in 14 of 15 patients. No significant changes in axillary temperature of ECG were observed. Intravascular blood pressure showed only moderate changes. After 24 hours, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) plasma concentrations increased significantly. Serum electrolytes remained unchanged. Image quality was deemed excellent considering variations in injection site and flow condition of the heart. Iohexol caused remarkably little discomfort and no adverse effects.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical cancer prevention project for inner city black and Latina women.

Early detection, appropriate intervention, and adequate followup treatment make cervical cancer one of the most preventable of all diseases. The authors propose a project designed to increase knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention and ultimately to decrease morbidity and mortality rates for cervical cancer in black and Latino inner-city communities of Boston. During a 3-year project the authors hope to reach about 500 high-risk women who currently do not have access to health care services. The interventions would be based in the Boston, MA, community areas of Roxbury and Jamaica Plain, specifically in those neighborhoods served by a designated community health center. High rates of cervical cancer are found in inner-city communities, where black and Latina women usually are overrepresented. About 80 percent of the women served by the designated community health center are either black or Latina. The proposed intervention has three objectives: (a) to increase the use of health services by so-called hard-to-reach women in those communities; (b) to reduce the numbers of women who, after learning of their abnormal Papanicolaou test results, do not return for followup; and (c) to increase sensitivities toward the problem and to encourage participation in such a project among health care providers at the community health center.

Black or African American↗