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Biomedical subjects

A Ryle

Publications and source records attributed to A Ryle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effectiveness of time-limited therapy carried out by trainees. Comparison of two methods.

Common neurotic and personality disorders account for widespread personal restriction and suffering. The need for effective, economically feasible treatment methods is widely acknowledged and the range of conditions successfully treated by available methods needs to be established. This study is concerned with two methods of brief psychotherapy; our aim was the essentially pragmatic one of investigating how far relatively long-term NHS out-patients with neurotic, personality, and interpersonal problems could be successfully and economically treated by the kind of therapists available in NHS settings. It is generally believed by psychoanalytically-oriented therapists that brief therapy requires high levels of training and experience; this is tested here, in that all the therapies were strictly time-limited, and none of the therapists had completed advanced training.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cognitive theory, object relations and the self.

The main concepts of object relations theory are considered. While the clinical value of the theory is unquestionable, the persistent reification of intrapsychic processes is seen as a barrier to clear thinking and as a cause of the isolation of psychoanalytic thought from general psychology. An account is offered in cognitive terms of how a person's schemes or procedures for interpersonal relating and for structuring the self develop and are maintained. It is suggested that the insights of object relations theory can be restated in these terms.

Child Development↗
PubMed1984

How can we compare different psychotherapies? Why are they all effective?

The relationship between different schools of psychotherapy can be defined by locating them in terms of a more general, cognitive, theory. They differ in respect (a) of the level in the patient's hierarchy of schemata that is considered and addressed, (b) of the stages in the procedural sequence organizing aim-directed action at which treatment is aimed, (c) as to whether or not attention is paid to structural and defensive aspects of cognitive organization, and (d) according to where intervention is aimed in terms of the cycle of cognitive reorganization. The equivalent effectiveness of different methods is explained as being the result of the patient's capacity to integrate differently located treatment-induced changes into similar revisions of his system. Some implications of this view are indicated.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Good food guide.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diet↗
PubMed1983

The value of written communications in dynamic psychotherapy.

The literature on the use of written communication in interpretive psychotherapy is reviewed, and a range of possible uses of writing by patients and therapists is described, with some illustration. It is suggested that greater use of writing at some stages of some psychotherapies could be valuable.

Communication↗
PubMed1980

Some measures of goal attainment in focussed integrated active psychotherapy: a study of fifteen cases.

The psychotherapeutic treatment of 15 patients is described. The goals were defined in terms of target problems and target dilemmas, traps and snags, and the outcome was assessed by rating these or with a symptom questionnaire and a dyad repertory grid before and after treatment. Patients who rated dilemmas as resolved showed appropriate changes in construct correlations on the dyad grid.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The focus in brief interpretive psychotherapy: dilemmas, traps and snags as target problems.

The need for a focus for brief interpretive psychotherapy is considered and a new approach is suggested. In this method, the ways in which the patient's construction of himself and his relationships are related to his problems are identified and expressed in the form of dilemmas, traps and snags. It is suggested that these formulations represent an appropriate level of abstraction, allowing patient and therapist to share provisional hypotheses about the goals of therapy and offering the basis for a method of measuring how far these goals are achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A common language for the psychotherapies?

The account of mental processes emerging from the work of cognitive psychologists is briefly reviewed, and aspects of the theoretical basis of the work of psychoanalytic and behaviourist psychotherapists are considered in the light of this. It is argued that in both traditions increasing attention is being paid to cognitive processes. A restatement of psychoanalytic theory in cognitive terms could free it from its present confusion of metaphors, and an extension of behaviourist theory in this direction could free it from reductionism. The advantages of the adoption of a common language, based on the models of cognitive psychology, to theory, practice and research are briefly considered.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

An intensive case-study of a therapeutic group.

A therapeutic group with eight members was studied, using psychometric tests, improvement ratings based on pre-treatment statements of patients' hopes, and of therapists' aims rated for achievement on the basis of post-treatment interviews, and two forms of repertory grid testing. The In-Group Grid yielded a number of measures relating to outcome and to aspects of the group process. Most patients improved by some criteria, and most measures of improvement intercorrelated positively but not, in most cases, highly. Few clear relations between process and outcome measures were demonstrated.

Adult↗