PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A S ALVING

Publications and source records attributed to A S ALVING.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

STUDIES ON A STRAIN OF CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM FROM THAILAND.

Infections with a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand, termed the Thailand (JHK) strain, were established in 25 non-immune volunteers in a non-endemic area under conditions precluding reinfection. Eleven volunteers received chloroquine in usually curative doses on a three-day schedule during acute clinical malaria attacks. Volunteers also received (again during acute clinical attacks) hydroxychloroquine, amodiaquine, mepacrine, pyrimethamine, proguanil or 377-C-54, alone or in combination. These regimens failed, both before and after passage of the strain through mosquitos, to effect radical cure of the infection. Radical cure was achieved by administration of 1350 mg or 1620 mg of quinine base daily for seven days.The authors point out that resistance to chloroquine by P. falciparum is being recognized with increasing frequency in South America and South-East Asia, and that the effect of this on global chemotherapy of malaria may be serious.

Amodiaquine↗
PubMed1964

STUDIES ON A STRAIN OF CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM FROM VIET-NAM.

This report presents the results of chemotherapeutic studies carried out with non-immune volunteers infected with a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Viet-Nam, termed the Viet-Nam (Sn.) strain, under conditions of study precluding reinfection. Nine volunteers received, during acute clinical attacks, three-day courses of chloroquine, seven receiving 1500 mg of chloroquine base orally, one 3000 mg of chloroquine base orally, and one 2160 mg of chloroquine base intramuscularly. Volunteers also received, again during acute clinical attacks, various regimens of hydroxychloroquine (1500 mg base), amodiaquine (1400 mg base), mepacrine (2198 mg base), proguanil (2610 mg base), or 377-C-54 (1500 or 2500 mg base). These drugs failed to effect radical cure of the infections, both before and after passage of the strain through mosquitos.On the other hand, the administration of either 50 mg of pyrimethamine daily for three days or 1620 mg of quinine base (1935 mg of quinine sulfate) daily for 10 days effected radical cure of the infections. The administration of 1620 mg of quinine base daily for seven days failed to effect radical cure of the infections in two of five volunteers. Under the particular experimental conditions employed, intramuscular injection of CI-501 (a repository preparation of a highly active metabolite of proguanil) did not exert a demonstrable protective effect against the Viet-Nam (Sn.) strain of P. falciparum.

Amodiaquine↗
PubMed1960

Mitigation of the haemolytic effect of primaquine and enhancement of its action against exoerythrocytic forms of the Chesson strain of Piasmodium vivax by intermittent regimens of drug administration: a preliminary report.

Primaquine-an 8-aminoquinoline derivative-is one of the most effective drugs for use against the tissue stages of the malaria parasite. Unfortunately certain persons suffer from an inherited defect of metabolism which renders them susceptible to haemolysis after ingestion of the 8-aminoquinolines, certain other drugs and some vegetables. Susceptibility appears to be inherited by a partially dominant sex-linked gene of variable expression. In persons with full expression of this defect, intravascular haemolysis may be of such severity as to mimic blackwater fever.It has been shown that the haemolysis caused by daily doses of primaquine is self-limited, provided that such doses are not excessive, by virtue of the fact that the younger erythrocytes are relatively resistant to destruction by the drug.Therapeutic studies reported in the present paper indicate that the toxicity is markedly diminished by regimens requiring administration in weekly doses (together with the standard suppressive dose of chloroquine or one of its congeners) while its therapeutic effectiveness in the radical cure of Chesson vivax malaria is increased.A weekly dose of 45 mg primaquine proved highly effective against severe Chesson vivax infections when administered for eight weeks. It cured 90% of infections, yet did not produce clinically demonstrable haemolysis in primaquine-sensitive adult males with major expression of the haemolytic trait.

Adult↗
PubMed1960

Methaemoglobin reduction test: a new, simple, in vitro test for identifying primaquine-sensitivity.

The 8-aminoquinolines, and many other drugs, cause an acute intravascular haemolysis, known as primaquine-sensitivity, in a certain percentage of persons, particularly the darker-skinned peoples of the world. Massive drug programmes for the eradication of malaria in whole population groups frequently call for the use of primaquine; in addition, the use of other haemolytic or potentially haemolytic drugs in clinical medicine is widespread. Thus it is becoming increasingly important to be able to identify primaquine-sensitive individuals in field and clinical laboratories. Two modifications of a new test for primaquine-sensitivity, the methaemoglobin reduction test, are described in detail in this paper. The more simple modification, the field screening test, is practical for surveying large population groups in the field. The more accurate clinical test is also suitable for field use if a clinical spectrophotometer or photoelectric colorimeter is available.

Aminoquinolines↗