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Biomedical subjects

A S Banner

Publications and source records attributed to A S Banner.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis. Clinical aspects and diagnosis.

The presentation of tuberculosis is variable depending on the severity of the infection, the age of the patient, whether the infection is primary or secondary, and whether the manifestations are due to inhalation of organisms or hematogenous dissemination. A definitive diagnosis is made by culture of the organism; spontaneously expectorated sputum is the most suitable specimen for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis frequently requires tissue biopsy. The classic staining method for demonstrating tubercle bacilli is the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Newer methods based on fluorescent dyes and phase-contract microscopy make rapid screening feasible, but false-positive identification is more frequent. Culture of tubercle bacilli is most successful when two media are used. The differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis includes bacterial pneumonia, especially anaerobic infection, and fungal infections including histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis. Lung carcinoma can mimic tuberculosis and the two diseases can coexist. Surgery is frequently necessary for a definitive diagnosis, expecially when the disease is seen as a noncalcified nodule.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bronchiectasis: a cause of pulmonary symptoms in heroin addicts.

Extensive and severe bronchiectasis was found in 7 heroin-addicted individuals with pulmonary symptoms whose chest roentgenograms were not suggestive of severe airway disease. Abnormalities consisted of varicose and cylindrical alterations. Pulmonary function tests revealed airflow obstruction, decreased lung volumes, and diffusion capacity impairment. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated mild hypoxemia in all patients and chronic hypocapnia in 4. Serial pulmonary function tests in 2 patients revealed only modest improvement in the degree of airflow obstruction. The occurence of bronchiectasis appeared to be related to episodes of heroin-induced pulmonary edema and infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Arrhythmogenic effects of orally administered bronchodilators.

The respiratory and circulatory effects of orally administered ephedrine sulfate, 25 mg, aminophylline, 400 mg, terbutaline sulfate, 5 mg, and placebo were evaluated in 20 patients with ventricular arrhythmia by a double-blind crossover method. The bronchodilator effect of terbutaline was similar to that of aminophylline over four hours but superior to ephedrine at the fourth hour. Both terbutaline and ephedrine exhibited chronotropic effects, with the effect of terbutaline greater than that of ephedrine at the fourth hour. The effect of aminophylline on heart rate did not differ from placebo. Only terbutaline was associated with an increase in ventricular ectopic beats. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in three patients treated with terbutaline and in one patient with ephedrine. There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Orally administered terbutaline should not be regarded as safer than orally administered ephedrine or aminophylline in patients with arrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hepatic granulomas following ileal bypass for obesity.

A review of liver biopsy specimens from patients undergoing ileojejunal bypass for obesity showed granulomas in follow-up biopsy specimens from six of 25 patients (24%) three months to four years after the procedure. The incidence was significantly greater than that seen in obese patients at the time of surgery (4%), (P less than .02). Their origin could not be attributed to systemic infections, medications, or nutritional factors. It would seem that hepatic granulomas in such patients may be due to factors associated with the surgical procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Occurrence with bacteriologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Fever was unchanged by chemotherapy in ten patients with bacteriologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Blood cultures were positive for Gram-positive organisms in six patients and for Gram-negative organisms in four patients. The same organism was present in sputa and blood in six patients and in urine and blood in two patients. Leukocytosis was not found, and roentgenographic findings did not suggest superinfection. Nine of the ten patients survived. Blood cultures must be obtained in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis whose fever is not altered by antituberculous chemotherapy, so that concomitant septicemia is not neglected.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Respiratory failure in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Of 852 patients admitted to Cook County Hospital with bacteriologically-proved pulmonary tuberculosis, 16 suffered respiratory failure. Of these 16, 5 died and 11 recovered. On follow-up, the survivors demonstrated significant improvement in oxygenation, but continued to show a severe restrictive ventilatory defect. Our patients, unlike those in previous reports, did not show airway obstruction. The principles of management are the same as for other pulmonary patients. Arterial blood gas analyses should be done on patients with advanced tuberculosis so that abnormalities of gas exchange will not be missed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rapid prediction of need for hospitalization in acute asthma.

Sixty-seven episodes of acute asthma were treated in an emergency room. The characteristics of the attacks and subsequent course were then analyzed to determine criteria that could be used for an early decision in regard to the need for hospitalization. Attacks that were not successfully treated in the emergency room were most often characterized by very severe obstruction and a poor response to an initial injection of epinphrine. It is suggested that severely obstructed patients (peak flow less than 16% of predicted) whose peak flow remains less than 60 liters/min, or who exhibit a less than 16% improvement following 0.3 ml epinephrine, be promptly admitted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Bronchiectasis following heroin-induced pulmonary edema. Rapid clearing of pulmonary infiltrates.

We observed a patient who developed diffuse bronchiectasis subsequent to heroin-induced pulmonary edema. Unlike the previously reported cases, there was rapid clearing of pulmonary infiltrates and little evidence of severe aspiration. The development of bronchiectasis was attributed to a bronchial infection subsequent to clearing of the pulmonary edema. Physiologic dysfunction was characterized by marked obstruction, pulmonary hypertension, and mild hypoxemia.

Adult↗