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Biomedical subjects

A S Kemp

Publications and source records attributed to A S Kemp.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Yeast opsonization and phagocytosis studied by a visual assay and measurement of neutrophil chemiluminescence.

Yeast opsonization was examined by a visual phagocytic assay which identified intracellular particles by means of staining with reduced nitroblue tetrazolium, and by measurement of the chemiluminescent response of neutrophils to opsonized particles. With both assays optimal opsonization was dependent on the classical complement pathway at lower serum concentrations, however, alternative pathway activity alone was able to opsonic optimally at higher serum concentrations. Examination of the complement pathway and opsonic activity of sera from 17 children with atopic dermatitis revealed 2 subjects with defective alternative pathway lytic activity. There was no significant difference in the opsonic activity between atopic children and control subjects. This investigation does not confirm the suggestion that yeast opsonization is a common defect in atopic individuals and indicates yeast can be opsonized by both classical and alternative pathways.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Experience with an elimination diet in children with atopic dermatitis.

In order to define possible food-provoking factors, we placed twenty-nine children with chronic atopic dermatitis on an elimination diet. The children remained on their normal diet for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks on the elimination diet. Foods were then re-introduced at the rate of a new one every 2 days in an attempt to identify foods exacerbating eczema. Thirteen children (45%) completed the elimination diet and seven of these were improved on parental assessment of sleeplessness, itchiness and area of eczema. Five were improved on the dermatologist's assessment. Only two children were able to identify foods provoking their eczema. Sixteen children (55%) failed to complete the elimination diet. Eight felt it was too strict, while eight did not return for follow-up. From our experience, dietary manipulation in older children with chronic atopic dermatitis offers only limited long-term therapeutic gains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Milk antibodies in pulmonary inhalation.

To determine the association between inhalation and increased circulating milk antibodies, the presence of milk precipitins and haemagglutinating titres of antibody to casein and lactalbumin were determined in a series of 100 children studied by radionuclide 'milk scan' and/or barium swallow for possible milk inhalation. Sixty-five were investigated because of reflux and/or inhalation (REFLUX), while 35 were evaluated after near-miss sudden infant death (SID). Inhalation was demonstrated in 23/65 Reflux and 9/35 Sid patients. The incidence of milk precipitins was 22% (5/23) of the REFLUX with demonstrable inhalation, 12% (5/42) of the REFLUX without demonstrable inhalation, 0% (0/23) SID and 2% (21/1005) of an unselected series of hospital patient sera. The incidence of milk precipitins was increased in cases with demonstrated inhalation and lower respiratory tract symptoms. Determination of antibody titres to casein and lactalbumin did not provide additional benefit in the diagnosis of milk inhalation. Detection of milk precipitins can provide additional support to the diagnosis of milk inhalation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immediate food hypersensitivity reactions on the first known exposure to the food.

We report 8 infants with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods (milk, egg, or peanut), occurring at the first-known exposure. Each developed symptoms within the first hour, but these generally settled within 2 hours. Sensitisation to the food concerned was demonstrated by positive immediate allergen skin prick tests in every case. Symptoms experienced included irritability, erythematous rash, urticaria, angio-oedema, vomiting, rhinorrhoea, and cough. Five infants were being followed prospectively and 4 were clinically tolerant of the food by age 16 months. The most likely route of sensitisation was via breast milk. None of the infants experienced similar reactions while being breast fed, suggesting that the reaction was dose dependent. As 5 out of a group of 80 infants being followed prospectively developed an immediate reaction at their first known exposure to a food, this appeared to be a not uncommon presentation of food hypersensitivity in infancy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

The significance of nasal eosinophils and mast cells in children with nasal symptoms.

Nasal smears from children with symptoms of nasal obstruction and/or discharge were examined for the presence of eosinophils, mucus-containing cells and mast cells. The presence of more than one eosinophil or any mast cells was significantly associated with atopy as determined by immediate hypersensitivity on skin prick testing. Twelve children with markedly increased numbers of nasal smear mast cells are described. In these children symptoms frequently commenced in the first 6 months of life. Nasal eosinophilia was not noted in any of the cases. Nasal smear mastocytosis was associated with significant perennial symptoms and would be missed if nasal smears are examined only for eosinophilia.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The effect of salicylate on human leucocyte migration.

The effect of sodium salicylate, at concentrations obtained in vivo, on the random migration and chemotactic response of neutrophils and monocytes was examined. Incubation of cells in vitro increased neutrophil migration but decreased monocyte migration. However, both neutrophil and monocyte migration were significantly increased when obtained from normal individuals after ingestion of sodium salicylate. Salicylate also partly reversed the inhibition of neutrophil migration produced by aggregated immunoglobulin bound to the filter substrate. These effects of salicylate on leucocyte function may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immediate reactions following live attenuated measles vaccine.

Three children had an immediate reaction following live attenuated measles vaccine (Rimevax). This reaction consisted of vomiting, fever and a rash, and in two cases cyanosis. In each case the reaction commenced within 30 minutes of vaccination. Parents should be warned of the possibility of an immediate reaction after measles vaccination, and asked to notify their doctor if any occurs.

Cough↗
PubMed1981

A longitudinal study of cell-mediated immunity in human pregnancy.

Studies of cell-mediated immunity, comprising delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with four antigens, PHA and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation and detection of the lymphokine, monocyte chemotactic factor, were undertaken in 14 women during pregnancy and in the post-natal period. Skin test reaction sizes to SKSD, PPD, Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid were not significantly different during pregnancy. In vitro lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA, SKSD and Candida albicans was enhanced during pregnancy. Monocyte chemotactic factor production was not significantly different during pregnancy. These in vitro tests were performed in the absence of autologous sera. These studies indicate that cell-mediated immune responses are normal during human pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Detection of a truly chemotactic lymphokine for human monocytes using millipore membranes.

The detection of the lymphokine monocyte chemotactic factor by determination of the leading front of monocyte migration is described. Stimulated and control supernatants were placed on the attractant side of cellulose ester filters with normal human monocytes as responder cells. Lymphokine activity was assessed by comparing the leading front of monocyte migration in response to control and stimulated culture supernatants. More monocytes migrated to all levels within the filters towards PHA stimulated culture supernatant than to control supernatant, indicating that the lymphokine acted on the entire migrating cell population and not only the cells at the leading front. Analysis of cell migration in a range of concentration gradients demonstrated that the lymphokine induced by PHA was chemotactic for monocytes. There was a significant association (p less than 0.01) between the production of monocyte chemotactic factor in vitro and skin test reactivity in vivo to three soluble antigens, SKSD, Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid. It is concluded that the detection of monocyte chemotactic factor production in vitro provides good evidence of sensitisation, however due to a number of false negative reactions, failure to detect the lymphokine does not necessarily indicate lack of reactivity in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of neutrophil migration by aggregated immunoglobulin attached to micropore membranes.

The effect of substrate-bound immunoglobulin on neutrophil migration was examined. Immunoglobulin aggregates bound to micropore membranes inhibited the neutrophil response to a chemotactic stimulus. This inhibition was reversed by the presence of aggregates in suspension suggesting competition between substrate-bound and free aggregates for neutrophil surface binding sites. The immobilization of neutrophils by substrate-bound aggregated immunoglobulin suggests a mechanism for the accumulation of neutrophils at sites of immune complex deposition and tissue-bound antibodies in vivo.

Caseins↗
PubMed1980

IgA and temperature dependent IgG complex formation in a patient with Waldenström's hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura.

We describe a patient with hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura and show that the serum contains IgG and IgA immune complexes sedimenting between IgM and IgG on ultracentrifugation. The complexes containing IgG were markedly temperature dependent. A drop in temperature from 37 degrees C to 28 degrees C gave a seventeen-fold increase in the quantity of these complexes. This temperature dependency may be an important factor in localizing the major pathological manifestation of this disease to the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Migration of blood and synovial fluid neutrophils obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The unstimulated random migration and the serum-induced chemokinesis of neutrophils obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 19) was not different from those of controls (n = 20). However, neutrophils obtained from the joint fluid of rheumatoid patients (n = 10) demonstrated a reduced serum-induced chemokinesis which was correlated with the amount of immune complexes present in the synovial fluid. The chemotactic response of peripheral blood neutrophils from subjects with rheumatoid arthritis taking aspirin (n =11) was increased while that of those rheumatoid subjects not taking aspirin (n = 8) was the same as controls. It is concluded that although there is no impairment of the in vitro migratory capacities of peripheral blood neutrophils obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, neutrophils obtained from synovial fluids exhibit a marked defect in chemokinesis which may be related to the ingestion of immune complexes within the joint space.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Suppression of leucocyte chemokinesis and chemotaxis by human IgA.

The effects of IgA and IgG isolated from normal human serum on neutrophil and monocyte migration were examined. IgA inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis towards casein and neutrophil random migration in serum-containing medium. The dose-response curve for the inhibition of the two forms of stimulated cell movement was similar suggesting that inhibition of both forms of movement may occur by a common mechanism. It was concluded that the inhibition was mediated by polymeric and aggregated forms of IgA but not by IgA present in normal serum. IgA at concentrations which inhibited stimulated cell movement did not inhibit the phagocytosis of zymosan particles by neutrophils. In contrast to IgA, aggregated IgG did not inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis at concentrations which were markedly inhibitory to random migration in serum-containing medium, indicating a differential effect of IgA and IgG aggregates on cell migration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between the time of birth and the development of immediate hypersensitivity to grass-pollen antigens.

Eighty-six children aged three to 14 years were skin-tested for immediate hypersensitivity to antigens which are seasonal (grass pollens) or non-seasonal (car, dog, house-dust mite) in occurrence. Children who reached the age of three months during a time of environmental exposure to grass pollen demonstrated a significantly increased incidence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to three grass pollens, as compared with children born at other times of the year. No significant difference was found in their reactions to the non-seasonal antigens. These findings indicate a relationship between the time of birth and the subsequent development of immediate hypersensitivity in childhood. It is suggested that infants are particularly susceptible to sensitization when presented with antigen around three months of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of neutrophil migration by sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis inhibited the migration of human neutrophils in 63% (twenty-two out of thirty-five) of the cases tested. The inhibition was not due to a toxic effect of the serum as it was reversed by a chemotactic stimulus. There was a strong correlation between the degree of inhibition of neutrophil migration and the amount of immune complexes present in the sera as determined by the C1q binding activity. It is suggested that the inhibition of neutrophil migration is due to the presence of circulating immune complexes, and that the capacity of immune complexes to inhibit neutrophil migration in vitro may also contribute to the accumulation of neutrophils at sites of immune complex formation in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Random monocyte migration: an in vitro correlation with the delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction.

The in vitro random migration and chemotactic activity of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils was compared with the delayed hypersensitivity skin test to streptokinase-streptodornase in fourteen normal subjects. A significant positive correlation (P less than 0.001) was observed between the random migration of monocytes and the size of the skin test reaction. No significant correlation was found with random neutrophil migration or monocyte and neutrophil chemotactic responses. These results indicate that the in vitro random mobility of monocytes is related to the in vivo expression of a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction.

Adult↗