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Biomedical subjects

A S Lopatin

Publications and source records attributed to A S Lopatin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Maxillary puncture: endoscopic assessment].

Frequency of the injury of the nasolacrimal duct ostium during maxillary puncture through the lower nasal passage was estimated endoscopically. Changes in the maxillary medial wall during the puncture were also studied. Anatomic features of the ostiomeatal complex which may contribute to development of chronic inflammation were determined. Forty one sinuses of 27 deceased middle-aged patients were examined within 24 hours after death. One third of patients in a random population had chronic maxillary inflammation caused by structural anomalies in the ostiomeatal complex. Half of the punctures were made with severe traumas of the nasolacrimal duct ostium. Natural anastomosis of the sinus did not function in about 20% cases. Accessory anastomosis in the posterior fontanelle was registered in 12.2% cases. The posterior fontanelle broke during sinus lavage in 3 cases. Indications for maxillary puncture in acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis should be considered much more carefully in the presence of stable alterations in the ostiomeatal complex and block of the natural anastomosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Application of the navigation system in endoscopic surgery of paranasal sinuses and base of the skull].

The intraoperative navigation computer system Stealth Station is an effective technique of stereotactic guidance during endoscopic endonasal interventions. Use of navigation allows performance of a radical operation without damaging basic anatomical structures of the base of the skull (vision nerve, cribriform lamina, internal carotid arteries, cavernous sonus, etc.). In rhinosurgery, Stealth Station is indicated in borderline pathology of the paranasal sinuses and base of the skull. Ten cases of patients with combined pathology of the paranasal sinuses and base of the skull, cases of endoscopic endonasal removal of the lesions of the base of the skull and foreign bodies with application of the navigation system are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of nasal rhinorrhea].

43 patients with nasal liquorrhea (NL) were admitted to and operated on using endonasal endoscopic technique in N. N. Burdenko Research Institute of Neurosurgery from 1999 to 2002. The diagnostic examination included nasal cavity endoscopy, biochemistry of glucose in nasal discharge. CT and MRT-cysternography, plain CT and MRT of the brain. By etiology, liquor fistulas were divided into spontaneous (n = 21), posttraumatic (n = 6) and iatrogenic (n = 16). The source of liquorrhea located in the sphenoidal sinus (n = 20), roof of the ethmoidal labyrinth (n = 10), cribriform plate (n = 12). A total of 47 operations and 4 reoperations were made with application of the biological fibrin-thrombin glue tissucol. The maximal size of the defect in the base of the skull in this series reached 15 mm. Lumbar drainage, removed on postoperative day 5, on the average, was established during endoscopic endonasal plastic repair of the liquor fistula in 34 patients. In maximal follow-up of 3.5 years, a complete recovery was observed in 38 (88.4%) operated on patients. The main causes of unsatisfactory effectiveness of endonasal operations were the following: impossible visualization of the fistula in a deep lateral pocket of the sphenoidal sinus, compound pathology (nasal liquorrhea and tumor of the base of the skull), extensive multiple traumas of the bone structures of the base of the skull.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

[Polysomnographic results of surgical treatment of obstructive apnea syndrome].

The study was made of 20 patients suffering from mild, moderate and severe snore and obstructive sleep apnea. The patients were treated surgically but because their upper respiratory pathology varied the intervention consisted of several one-stage operations in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx. To remove nasal obstruction, operations on the nasal septum and/or turbinated bones were made. Pharyngeal surgery varied from uvulotomy and volumetric reduction of the soft palate thickness to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with tonsillectomy. The results of polysomnography performed after surgical intervention confirmed efficacy of surgical treatment. A more than 2-fold decrease of the index apnea/hypopnea was registered in 75% patients with moderate and in 83% patients with a severe form of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Pattern of ENT problems in patients with primary defects of humoral immunity].

Fibroendoscopy, otomicroscopy, rhinomanometry, CT of the paranasal sinuses, examination of mucociliary transport in the nasal cavity and ENT microflora, threshold tonal audiometry, impedance audiometry were performed in 20 patients with primary immunodeficiency. The patients were found to have paranasal inflammation, slow mucociliary transport, abnormal nasal breathing, acoustic tube dysfunction, chronic inflammation or exudation in the middle ear, conductive hipoacusis, etc. The findings confirm that ENT are target organs in primary immunodeficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[A new variant of choanal polyps].

Seven cases of ethmochoanal polyps, a form of nasal polyps, originating from mucosa of the back ethmoidal labyrinth and lowering into the nasopharynx are described. Such polyps are diagnosed primarily by computed tomography and endoscopy of the nasal cavity. Histologically, ethmochoanal polyps are similar to other polyps from paranasal sinuses. Surgical treatment of ethmochoanal polyps is made under the control of endoscope via approach through the superior nasal passage. The polyp part situated in posterior compartment of the ethmoidal labyrinth was removed with a microdebrider. 1 to 3 year follow-up registered no cases of recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Potentials for the endonasal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of maxillary cysts].

To evaluate efficacy of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of maxillary cysts (MC), 152 operations in 134 patients were analysed. Besides MC, 91% of the patients had additional involvement of the nasal cavity and middle nasal passage which required surgery. By computer tomography data, all the cysts were divided into four groups by wall location: posteroinferior, superior, lateral, medial or anterior. Such division is important for the choice of the surgical approach: cysts of the first three locations can be easily removed through the middle nasal passage, in medial and anterior cysts this approach is effective only in half the cases. In the rest cases the sinus was opened through the anterior wall. In all, removal of the cyst by the endonasal approach proved feasible in 73.7%, by the anterior wall--in 26.3% of cases. The algorithm proposed for the choice of optimal intervention implies the initial use of the external approach only in MC located on the anterior and medial walls in the absence of concomitant lesions. In all the other cases, surgery should begin with partial resection of the unciform process and revision of the natural anastomosis of the sinus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Choanal polyps: principles of current diagnosis and treatment].

Computed tomography, endoscopic investigation, surgical endoscopic revision of the paranasal sinuses performed in 20 patients with choanal polyps (CP) showed that according to their growth origin, CP may be antrochoanal, sphenochoanal and ethmochoanal (11, 3 and 6 patients, respectively). Thorough preoperative examination prevents opening of unaffected paranasal sinuses. However, when several sinuses are involved, site of CP fixation may be detected at surgery. Endoscopic techniques presented as a good alternative to routine polypotomy and Caldwell-Luc operation. In atypical CP location a differential diagnosis with inverted papilloma must be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Do laws of biomechanics work in reconstruction of the cartilaginous nasal septum?

"Biomechanical" techniques can be used for correcting C-shaped or S-shaped nasal septum cartilage deformities. These include mucoperichondrium elevation on the concave side, trimming cartilage to its necessary size, incisions to release cartilaginous bends and strip resections. Resection and reimplantation of cartilage are preferable when correcting a difficult post-traumatic septum. While biomechanical principles are applicable to nasal septum surgery, further clinical studies must be devised to provide proper correction of the nasal septum with minimal sacrifice of cartilage.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗