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Biomedical subjects

A S Mamontov

Publications and source records attributed to A S Mamontov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Methods for increasing graft survival in esophagogastroplasty].

From their own clinical material the authors revealed that insufficient venous outflow was the main link in the pathogenesis of impaired viability of the pedicle formed from the greater curvature in esophagoplasty. This leads to circulatory disorders in the graft: venous hypertension of up to 34.4 +/- 2.3 cm inadequate perfusion of tissue, and secondary arterial hypotension below 40 mm Hg. The authors suggested an original pathogenetically substantiated method of esophagoplasty with a pedicle from the greater curvature of the stomach. Its essence consists in the creation of an additional venous outflow from the graft into the neck veins. Operations were performed on 55 patients with the formation of 70 intravenous anastomoses. The suggested method made it possible to form a longer graft and reduce considerably the number of necrotic complications in esophagoplasty. A reliable graft of sufficient length allowed the immediate and late-term results of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with esophageal carcinoma to be improved essentially.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Specifics of endocrine regulation of digestion in patients with esophageal neoplasms after esophagogastroplasty].

In 67 patients with esophageal cancer, the peculiarities of endocrine regulation of alimentation after resection and plasty of the esophagus, using an isoperistaltic gastric tube were studied. Of these patients, 15 underwent correction of the disorders revealed. Accelerated evacuation of the content from a gastric transplant is accompanied by atony of the pylorus and is due to relative incompetence of neuroendocrine elements in gastric and duodenal mucosa (presence of a small amount of EC- and P-cells). Use of pentagastrin at the early postoperative period permits to accelerate the process of formation of the compensatory-adjusting mechanisms in the system of alimentation due to increase in functional activity of EC- and I-cells.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1991

[Endocrine function of the pancreas after radical surgery in esophageal cancer].

Postoperative levels of insulin and morphological pattern of beta-cells of islets of Langerhans were studied in 27 esophageal cancer patients following one-stage esophageal resection or repair with the gastric pedicle graft and extracavitary cervical shunt. There is a postoperative inhibition of secretory activity of the insulin pancreatic apparatus which recovered on 120 postoperative day. These shifts resulted from dystrophy of the beta-cells.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[The role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of regional metastases of cancer of the esophagus and the proximal part of the stomach].

Computed tomography (CT) findings were compared with operative ones for 50 patients with esophageal and proximal gastric cancer. In diagnosis of metastases to the upper abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes ST sensitivity reached 93.3%, specificity 85% and accuracy 90.3%. The best diagnostic results were obtained in detection of metastases to the nodes of the celiac trunk branch and paraaortal fat (94.2%). Lower CT resolution appeared in diagnosis of perigastric node metastatic involvement in the primary tumor location in the proximal stomach.

Cardia↗
PubMed1991

[Radiodiagnosis of metastases to the upper abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes].

The examination of 170 patients with cancer of the esophagus and proximal stomach made it possible to specify x-ray, ultrasonic and CT signs of cancer metastases to the upper abdomen and retroperitoneum. A scheme of radiodiagnosis of these metastases is suggested. The diagnostic value of x-ray, echography and CT was considered in relation to various lymph nodes involvement.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of preoperative radiation therapy on the results of the combined treatment of esophageal cancer].

The authors resorted to multifactor comparative analysis of the results of surgical (218) and combined (413) treatment of patients with thoracic esophageal cancer to study the interrelationship of the main factors, determining a cancer stage, their prognostic value, and a degree of influence of preoperative modalities on these factors. Preoperative irradiation was shown to increase resectability of the esophagus with tumor extent over 5 cm and to improve the prognosis of disease.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Results of simultaneous resection and plastic surgery of the esophagus with extra-cavitary cervical esophagostomy in esophageal cancer in its thoracic part].

The work analyses the results of one-stage resection and plastics of the esophagus with a tube formed from the greater curvature of the stomach and creation of an ++extra-cavitary anastomosis on the neck in combined and surgical treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus in 279 patients. Various complications occurred in 181 (64.8%) patients. The mortality was 19.3% (16.8% among patients who underwent radical operation and 25.6% among those treated by a palliative operation). The number of complications in the groups of surgical and combined treatment was approximately equal. The results of 5-year survival were better in the group with combined treatment. Postponed + extra-cavitary anastomosis was formed in 65.2% of cases. One-stage resection and plastics of the esophagus with ++extra-cavitary anastomosis is an adequate operation from the oncological standpoint in the treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Its further perfection is necessary for improvement of the immediate and late-term results of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Extracavitary esophageal end-to-side anastomosis in esophagoplasty with a tube formed from the greater curvature of the stomach].

The article discusses information on experience in the formation of 367 extracavitary esophageal anastomoses in esophagoplasty with a tube formed from the greater curvature of the stomach in malignant esophageal tumors. Four main types of anastomosis were encountered: oblique--142, end to end--101, end to side--91, and atypical--33. Various complications occurred in 40.3% of patients, in end to side anastomosis in 26.3% of cases. The authors discuss in detail the operative techniques and the indications for this type of anastomosis. The authors consider it preferable to form the extracavitary esophagogastric anastomosis on the posterior wall of the transplant with a decompression stoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Metastasis as a prognostic factor in cancer of the thoracic segment of the esophagus].

Prognostic value of metastases is analyzed on the basis of the results of surgical and combined treatment of 631 cases with carcinoma of the thoracic portion of the esophagus. The metastasizing factor was found to correlate with the depth of the tumor invasion and size. The presence of metastases reduces the possibility of radical operations and lowers the index of 5-year survival.

Adult↗