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Biomedical subjects

A S Nash

Publications and source records attributed to A S Nash.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Distemper encephalitis in pups after vaccination of the dam.

A five-year-old labrador bitch which had whelped 10 pups three days previously was given booster vaccination against distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, parainfluenzavirus and leptospirosis. Eighteen days later, signs of central nervous system disease developed in some of the pups, five of which were ultimately euthanased. The cause of the nervous disease was found to be canine distemper, and serological studies showed that the infection was limited to some members of the litter, suggesting that the vaccinal rather than a field virus was more likely to have been responsible.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of staining and concentration techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cat faecal specimens.

Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN), auramine-phenol (A-P) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled (FITC-labelled) monoclonal antibody (MAb) techniques were compared for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cat faecal specimens inoculated with known numbers of C. parvum oocysts. Of the three techniques, the FITC-labelled MAb technique detected more oocysts than the MZN and A-P techniques (P < 0.05), but A-P was more efficient than MZN (P < 0.05). Comparison of sucrose flotation, zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) flotation and formol-ether (F-E) sedimentation techniques revealed that F-E was the most efficient of the three (P < 0.05) for concentration of C. parvum oocysts from cat faecal specimens. On average, the F-E technique recovered 37% of oocysts from the original sample, whereas the sucrose and ZnSO4 flotation techniques recovered 33% and 11%, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that MZN and A-P staining are both useful for screening C. parvum oocysts in cat faecal materials containing 10(6) oocysts or more, but FITC-labelled MAb should be used when the number of oocysts is low. Also, the F-E sedimentation technique is recommended for concentrating oocysts in cat faecal specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cryptosporidium infection in cats: prevalence of infection in domestic and feral cats in the Glasgow area.

A clinical and post mortem survey of domestic and feral cats in the Glasgow area revealed that 19 of 235 (8.1 per cent) were infected with Cryptosporidium species. More kittens than adults were infected (P less than 0.01), and of 51 of the cats which had diarrhoea, four also had cryptosporidium infection. Of seven domestic cats with cryptosporidium infection, two were also positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection in domestic and feral cats. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in faecal and mucosal impression smears stained with auramine-phenol and modified Ziehl-Nielsen techniques. Endogenous developmental stages of cryptosporidium were found in the microvillus region of enterocytes of eight of 19 positive cats in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The results suggest that cryptosporidium infection is common among young and newborn kittens, and that the disease is usually asymptomatic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome in cats immunised with cationised bovine serum albumin.

Membranous nephropathy was induced in four cats by repeated intravenous injections of 120 mg cationic bovine serum albumin (BSA, pI 9.5). All four cats developed diffuse granular deposits of IgG and C3 along the glomerular capillary walls as early as five weeks which persisted until the end of the experiment at 17 weeks. Ultrastructural studies revealed many subepithelial electron dense deposits. Two cats developed severe proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome characterised by hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. An additional four cats received repeated injections of unmodified native BSA (pI 4.5) and remained basically normal. This is the first report of membranous nephropathy and the nephrotic syndrome in an experimental animal model which, unlike other animal models, is subject to the spontaneously occurring disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Encephalitis in dogs associated with a batch of canine distemper (Rockborn) vaccine.

During a period of seven months in 1982-83 cases of postvaccinal encephalitis were recorded in dogs in various parts of Britain after the administration of a particular batch of combined distemper/hepatitis vaccine. Detailed investigations of one of these cases revealed that the distemper component was responsible and the vaccine virus was recovered from the brain of an affected dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Feline haemobartonellosis: clinical, haematological and pathological studies in natural infections and the relationship to infection with feline leukaemia virus.

Haemobartonella felis infection was demonstrated in 38 cats which could be divided into four groups as follows: group A, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) free cats with H felis infection alone; group B, FeLV free cats with H felis infection and other clinical conditions; group C, FeLV positive cats with H felis infection but no clinical manifestation of FeLV related or any other intercurrent disease; and group D, FeLV positive cats with H felis infection and clinical manifestations of FeLV related or other diseases. Cats in group A were healthy carriers of the infection and none was anaemic, whereas some in group B had clinical haemobartonellosis and anaemia. This anaemia was mainly mild, normocytic and normochromic. Most of the cats in group C and all in group D were more severely ill and anaemic, the anaemia usually being macrocytic and hypochromic. Splenomegaly occurred only in groups C and D. Treatment with tetracyclines did not eliminate H felis from any of the cats and blood transfusions were ineffective in promoting long term recovery from anaemia in cats with intercurrent H felis and FeLV infections. The findings in the cats in groups C and D were further compared with those in a fifth group of cats which were infected with FeLV but free of H felis.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1987

A study of 31 cases of gastric carcinoma in dogs.

Over a five year period 31 dogs were diagnosed as having advanced gastric carcinoma. The most frequent clinical features were vomiting, polydipsia and weight loss. A predisposition to the tumour was found in the rough collie and Staffordshire bull terrier. In 18 dogs the main finding endoscopically was a large deep ulcer with thickened, irregular rims and walls. Fluoroscopically a marked irregularity of the mucosal surface was noted in 10 dogs. Pathologically, large ulcers with thickening of the stomach wall and involvement of the serosal lymphatics were evident in 17 dogs, and similar ulcers with involvement of the gastric lymph nodes were evident in 18 dogs.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of the efficiency of acridine orange and some Romanowsky staining procedures in the demonstration of Haemobartonella felis in feline blood.

A comparison of the relative efficiency of acridine orange with some Romanowsky staining procedures indicated that acridine orange is superior in demonstrating the presence of Haemobartonella felis in feline blood. Of the Romanowsky staining procedures, that of May-Grunwald-Giemsa was at least one and a half and about twice as efficient as the Giemsa and Leishman methods, respectively.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1986

Haemobartonella felis infection in cats from the Glasgow area.

A survey of 155 cats for Haemobartonella felis infection in the Glasgow area revealed a prevalence of 23.2 per cent. The infection occurred in all age groups and there was no significant difference between sex or breed type. Infection with H felis was more prevalent among cats with fleas and those with feline leukaemia virus infection than among the other cats in the sample. H felis organisms identified were mainly coccoid with diameters between 0.63 micron and 1.73 micron. Rod forms, found in two cats, had lengths ranging from 0.79 micron to 1.1 micron and diameters between 0.17 micron and 0.24 micron.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Renal biopsy in the normal cat: examination of the effects of repeated needle biopsy.

Three healthy cats were subjected to percutaneous renal biopsy of the left kidney on three occasions at monthly intervals. Three other cats were subjected to three consecutive biopsy attempts on one occasion using the left kidney. Thereafter the six cats were monitored clinically and by means of laboratory analyses of blood and urine until euthanasia four weeks after the last biopsy. Cautious insertion of the biopsy needle in an attempt to avoid over penetration of the kidney resulted in failure to obtain renal tissue on six occasions but in all 12 specimens which did contain renal tissue, glomeruli were present. Major blood vessels were present in two biopsy specimens. At necropsy, radiographic and histological studies demonstrated renal parenchymal and vascular changes in the biopsied kidneys which were similar to but less severe than those produced by a single biopsy attempt. This confirmed that avoidance of damage to major renal vessels is important and suggested that, with care, repeated biopsies need be no more harmful to the kidney than a single biopsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Renal biopsy in the normal cat: development of a modified disposable biopsy needle.

A disposable biopsy needle was modified to reduce the length of the obturator tip and specimen notch. The modified needle was then used to take renal biopsy specimens at four sites from each kidney in four cats. Twenty-nine samples of renal tissue were obtained and the average numbers of glomeruli per specimen length compared favourably with similar studies using the standard needle.

Animals↗