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Biomedical subjects

A S Pavlov

Publications and source records attributed to A S Pavlov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Anesthesiologist-resuscitator: problems of training and maintenance of professional work].

The problems of psychological disturbances and insufficient profeccional skills amongst anaesthesiologists and intensive care specialists are discussed. The authors emphasized the need for special psychological education during refreshing courses and training period in residency. The official education in clinical residency should be updated in accordance with current view of speciality. It is necessary to use special simulators for better training of manual skill's and evaluation of knowledge more widely. The proper organization of the workplace is very important for successful performance and psychological condition of the personnel. The lack of profeccional Russian-language journals makes necessity for creation of a new textbook and periodical issue in paper and electronic format.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2001

[Experimental study of radiosensitizing effect of analogs of purines and pyrimidine bases in cultured HeLa cells].

The radio-sensitizing capacity of cultured HeLa cells was investigated by using a number of compounds, which are analogues of purine and pyrimidine bases. Agents (5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, mercaptopyrine) used in chemotherapy for tumors for many years and some compounds (allopurinol and theophylline) that are sterically close to purine and pyrimidine bases and clinically used for various purposes, but have no cytotoxic activity against tumors cells were tested. Fluorouracil was shown to potentiate the action of gamma-radiation when the agent was given used before radiation or used in the concentrations producing no cytotoxic effect. Allopurinol and theophylline do not possess a radio-sensitizing effect. There was a more pronounced radiosensitization in the concurrent use of a double combination of agents and radiation and the greatest cell death rates were observed in the concurrent use of three agents (5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, and methylcytosine) and gamma-radiation.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1990

[Beam radiotherapy of malignant tumors using computer-assisted radiotherapy programs].

The authors give a brief description a ROKUS-M + Altai-MT system, its software ASPECT-1, stages of radiotherapy design and implementation of optimized programs. They gave examples of optimum computerized design of irradiation in tumors of the nasopharynx, breast, female genitals, esophagus, lungs, bladder, and rectum. The paper is illustrated with charts of isodoses and distributions corresponding to optimized programs of irradiation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Evolution of radiotherapy of cancer of the breast].

A many-year-old study of 3680 breast cancer patients receiving different types of radiation therapy as part of combined or multimodality treatment led to the following conclusions. Surgical intervention used alone or the first stage of combined treatment was found appropriate for stage I only. The most preferable modality in all cases was preoperative irradiation provided in large fractional regimens for operable tumors and, when possible, in combination with UHF-therapy; the use of common fractions with the incorporation of a primary focus and all zones of regional metastatic spreading in the zone of radiation exposure was found appropriate for inoperable tumors.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Basic trends in the reconstruction of the system of postgraduate training of radiotherapists].

The authors have summed up the experience accumulated over 20 years at the Chair of Clinical Radiology of the Central Order of Lenin Institute of Advanced Medical Training. Doctors majoring in this field, usually become radiologists at the age over 35 when their creative initiative is on a decrease. Therefore the authors have proposed numerous measures aimed at the improvement of the system of training in radiology and an increase in the number of young specialists.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1988

[Single preoperative radiation and short-wave treatment of breast cancer].

A total of 93 patients were assigned to receive either radiation treatment alone (group 1) or in combination with local microwave-induced hyperthermia (group 2) prior to mastectomy. The treatment results were compared. Within a two-year follow-up period, all patients of group 2 remained free of relapse, metastases being registered in 2 (6.2%) cases. In group 1, relapse was observed in 1 case, whereas metastasis--in 7 (11.5%). The study failed to establish drug-induced tumor pathomorphosis in 12.5% in group 2 and 73.8% in group 1. The procedure did not interfere with surgery, nor was it followed by an increased postoperative complication rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The role of radiotherapy in the surgical treatment of patients with breast cancer].

The 5- and 10-year results of treatment of 1,377 breast cancer patients were analysed with reference to the type of surgical procedure. On the basis of the similarity of the end results, similar rates of recurrence incidence and distant metastases and the absence of metastasis in the subclavicular area after Patey's operation coupled with radiotherapy, a high effectiveness of the latter treatment was established. It contributed to a radicality comparable to that of a radical mastectomy.

Axilla↗
PubMed1986

[Preoperative 2-stage UHF-hyperthermia in combination with single-stage irradiation in breast cancer].

The authors described a method of two-stage UHF-hyperthermia combined with single irradiation of the breast prior to operation. At the 1st stage the temperature was 39 degrees C, duration of exposure 30 min directly before irradiation, irradiation at a dose of 13 Gy. The 2nd stage followed 2 h after irradiation, the temperature was 42 degrees C, duration 90 min. The above therapy did not deteriorate the conditions of surgical intervention, nor did it complicate a postoperative course. Local and general reactions were of transient nature. No recurrences were noted after 1 year of follow-up. A study of tumor pathomorphosis showed injuries of I degree in 30.8%, II degree in 46.2%, III degree in 5.6%, in single irradiation in 18, 8.4 and 2.8%, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Radiation pathomorphosis of breast cancer after combined treatment using various methods of preoperative radiotherapy].

An ultrastructural study of breast cancer cells from 102 female patients after combined therapy with preoperative radiation therapy was conducted. The ultrastructural method made it possible to supplement results obtained by means of the histological method of assessment of tumor radiation pathomorphosis, and in some cases it was even more informative and permitted a comparative assessment of various methods of preoperative radiation therapy using intensively concentrated and large dose fractionation followed by immediate operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Application of the DMF model taking into account volume and area of irradiated tissue to the prognosis of radiation complications].

Coefficients Kv and Ks for determination of the influence of a volume and area of irradiated tissues in the assessment of DMF factors were presented. The above coefficients were derived on the basis of calculations and a retrospective analysis of the authors' clinical data on radiation complications in the subcutaneous fatty tissue in teleradiotherapy of malignant tumors. The use of the coefficients will make it possible to predict with greater reliability the probability of radiation complications in designing radiation therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Single large-dose preoperative irradiation in breast cancer].

Proceeding from radiobiological data, the TDF concept and a cumulative radiation effect the authors proposed a new variant of preoperative radiotherapy in operable breast cancer patients. Single doses for the breast and axillary-subclavicular zone that were 15 and 12.5 Gy, were determined. Observation over 72 patients showed that single irradiation did not influence the course of operation and the postoperative period. Good functional and short-term results of treatment make it possible to recommend single large fraction preoperative irradiation for trials in special oncological and radiological institutions.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[A system of automated radiation treatment of malignant tumors using optimal irradiation programs].

The authors sum up their clinical experience in the implementation of optimized irradiation programs for tumors of different sites (the esophagus, lung, female genital organs, ear-nose-throat, rectum and urinary bladder) with the help of the first serial specimen of the system of automated control over irradiation--Altai-MT. The utilization of the system makes it possible to save time and avoid an error in the implementation of complex irradiation programs as well as to lower the exposure of medical personnel to radiation. Tumors with average and low radiosensitivity, biologically highly active and located in the vicinity of organs and tissues with a low limit of tolerance to ionising radiation were used as clinical models. Automated programs of irradiation meet the requirements of the conformity and homogeneity of a dose field within a focus of lesion, gradient conditions on the border with normal tissues, the minimization of radiation exposure in critical organs. The purpose of the automation of gamma-beam therapy of tumors is to unite within the common system automated information topometric units and a gamma-therapeutic computer controlled device.

Computers↗