Self-treatment of cold sores with ice.
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Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Biomedical subjects
A S Russell
Publications and source records attributed to A S Russell.
Long term effectiveness of low dose mithramycin for Paget's disease of bone.
Nineteen patients with Paget's disease of bone were studied 7 months to 5 years after therapy with mithramycin in a dose averaging 11.5 microgram/kg body weight daily for 10 days. Thirteen patients, including 3 with the longest followup intervals, remained free of pain. Objective measures of disease activity (serum alkaline phosphatase level and 99mtechnetium pyrophosphate bone scan) were less favorable. There was no evidence of long term toxicity.
Aged↗
A follow-up study of 48 patients with Reiter's syndrome.
A follow-up study of 48 patients with Reiter's syndrome was carried out in an attempt to clarify the clinical course of the disease. The mean age at the onset of Reiter's syndrome was 27.1 years (range 15 to 52 years) and when seen at follow-up 32.5 years (range 19 to 58 years). The average time from the onset of the first attack of peripheral arthritis to the time of follow-up was six and a half years (range 0.5 to 27 years). Only three patients had diarrhea prior to the onset of Reiter's syndrome. At follow-up 22 per cent of the patients were asymptomatic, 24 per cent had recurrent minor symptoms, 24 per cent had recurrent moderate symptoms, and 30 per cent had recurrent major symptoms. However, even in the last group, all patients were in functional classes 1 or 2 between the flares of disease. No patients in the series were in functional class 3 or 4, and 30 per cent were in class 1.
Adolescent↗
Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus in man: the influence of drugs on polymorphonuclear leucocyte and mononuclear effector cells.
We have shown that the function of the effector cells in antibody mediated cell dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) can be reduced by the use of a number of drugs and prostaglandins. Both polymorphonuclear leucocyte and mononuclear effector cells were studied. Aminophylline and isoproterenol markedly reduced this activity. All the prostaglandins tested--PGA1, A2, E1 and E2 had a similar but more profound effect. At a dose of 100 mg/ml hydrocortisone had relatively little influence and neither ASA nor indomethacin had any effect on the effector cells tested. It is suggested that the effect of PGE1 in stimulating a recrudescent herpes simplex infection may be by reducing the efficacy of ADCC in host defence.
Aminophylline↗
Vertebral sclerosis in adults.
Narrowing of the intervertebral disc space with sclerosis of the adjacent vertebral bodies may occur as a consequence of infection, neoplasia, trauma, or rheumatic disease. Some patients have been described with backache and these radiological appearances without any primary cause being apparent. The lesions were almost always of 1 or, at most, 2 vertebrae and most frequently involved the inferior margin of L4. We describe 3 patients with far more extensive vertebral involvement and present the clinical, radiological, scintiscan, and histological findings. The only patient we have seen with the better known, isolated L4/5 lesion was shown on biopsy to have staphylococcal osteomyelitis. For this reason we would still recommend a biopsy of all such sclerotic vertebral lesions if they occur in the absence of other rheumatic disease.
Adult↗
Sacroiliitis detected by bone scintiscanning: a clinical, radiological, and scintigraphic follow-up study.
Twenty-four patients had abnormal sacroiliac joints detected by quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy but no radiological evidence of sacroiliitis on original investigation. We studied them again after intervals of 12 to 36 months. Four patients developed radiological change. Two young, HLA B27-positive men had undoubted ankylosing spondylitis, and a young woman had possible ankylosing spondylitis. A middle-aged man had changes that could be attributed to post-traumatic osteoarthrosis. Of the remaining 20 cases 15 had symptoms and signs suggestive of inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton (and peripheral arthropathy in 5 cases). The sexes were affected equally (8 females, 7 males), and only 2 of the 15 were B27-positive. The response to anti-inflammatory medication was generally good to excellent, and scintiscans tended to improve. Of the remaining 5 patients, 3 had mechanical or traumatic problems, and in 2 there was no explanation for the abnormal sacroiliac scintiscan. We conclude that quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy may detect ankylosing spondylitis prior to the develpment of radiological change and that it can identify an organic basis for backache in patients with a spondylitis-like syndrome. The clinical circumstances must be taken into account, as scintigraphic abnormalities are not diagnostic of any specific disease entity.
Adult↗
Scintigraphic evaluation and prognosis of patients with Reiter's syndrome.
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Arthritis, Reactive↗
Sequential observations of in vitro responses of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in patients receiving gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Forty-seven patients receiving gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis were observed sequentially at 6-monthly intervals. When the disease was in remission, and remained so, the in vitro responses of lymphocytes to phylohemagglutinin stimulation tended to be normal. Improvement in the disease were associated with improvement in lymphocyte response and deterioration associated with depression of response. Our observations suggest that these changes are a reflection of disease activity and their relationship to gold therapy is indirect.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Analysis of DNA structure by hydroxyapatite columns and ethidium bromide fluorescence techniques. A comparative study and effect on DNA binding.
Seven duplex DNA preparations have been structurally analyzed by hydroxyapatite column chromatography and an ethidium bromide fluorescence technique. Significant contamination of one preparation with single-stranded DNA was detected by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Five of the other six preparations were found to contain significant single-stranded regions by the ethidium bromide fluorescence technique. Synthetic poly dAT was found to be duplex in structure. The presence of single-stranded regions considerably influenced DNA binding results in a radioimmunoassay.
Antibodies↗
A double-blind, controlled trial of levamisole in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis.
A double-blind, controlled trial of levamisole in the prevention and treatment of recurrent cold sores was performed. Forty-eight subjects received levamisole in a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg on two consecutive days each week for six months. The 51 control subjects were given a placebo identical to the drug in appearance. Both groups were given the same instructions. Nineteen subjects receiving levamisole and eight receiving placebo withdrew during the six months of the study. There were no significant differences between the levamisole-treated and control groups in the duration or severity of the lesions during the trial period or in the subjective assessment of drug efficacy by the participants at the end of the trial. Before treatment the frequency of lesions in the levamisole group was higher than in the control group. Only when this factor was taken into account by analysis of covariance did the decreased frequency of lesions during therapy appear significantly lower in the group receiving levamisole than in the placebo group. The difference remained clinically unimpressive. This study does not support earlier suggestions that levamisole, in these doses, is useful in the treatment of recrudescent circumoral herpesvirus infections.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
A longitudinal study of in vitro tests for lymphocyte function in rheumatoid arthritis.
In vitro tests of lymphocyte function have been performed in 61 patients with ;classical' or ;definite' rheumatoid arthritis. In vitro lymphocyte function was assessed by lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Candida antigen, and herpes simplex type I (HSV1). Follow up data were available after 6 months of treatment in 32 of these patients. Spontaneous lymphocyte transformation was assessed in all patients. Results obtained in patients with rheumatoid arthiritis were compared to those seen in a normal control population. Disease activity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was assessed using standard clinical methods. Lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a similar degree of spontaneous transformation to that seen in normal subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis responded less well to PHA and Candida and HSV1 antigens when compared to normal patients. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis the response to PWM was markedly enhanced compared to normals. Clinical improvement was noted in 19 of the 32 patients seen at follow up, all of whom had received gold or penicillamine therapy. The abnormal responses of PHA and PWM seen before treatment became normal in those patients who improved clinically. The responses to Candida and HSV1 antigens not only returned to normal following treatment but were increased above those seen in normal controls. A statistically significant association was seen between clinical improvement and improvement of in vitro tests of lymphocyte function.
Antigens, Fungal↗
Penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis associated with antibodies to acetylcholine receptor.
A woman with rheumatoid arthritis was treated with penicillamine and developed myasthenia gravis. This drug-induced disease was associated with characteristic autoantibodies to acetycholine receptor. After discontinuing the drug, her symptoms improved and the antibody titers fell. Penicillamine is now being used much more frequently in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and it is likely that this complication will become more prevalent.
Adult↗
Localization of Tc-99m pyrophosphate in muscle after exercise.
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Adult↗
A possible role for polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the defence against recrudescent herpes simplex virus infection in man.
We have used a 51Cr release assay to demonstrate that human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) can damage herpes simplex infected target cells sensitized with antiviral antibody. Effective sensitizing antibodies were found in both serum and saliva of all those persons tested who were subject to recurrent cold sores. PMNL were much less effective as killer cells than peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but as they are the predominant inflammatory cell with the HSV1 lesion they may be, quantitatively, more important. The cytotoxic effects of both PMNL and mononuclear cells were significantly reduced by prostaglandin E1 as well as by several drugs that were tested. It is suggested that antibody dependent PMNL-mediated cytotoxicity may play a role in the human host defences against recrudescent herpes simplex infection.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Diagnosis and follow-up of children referred to a rheumatic disease unit.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) has become the predominant rheumatic disease of childhood. In a survey of 292 children referred to a rheumatic disease unit over a 5-year period, 94 had JRA and only three had rheumatic fever. At follow-up, of the children with JRA, 70% were found to be in remission with little or no functional disability. Febrile onset of JRA or onset before six years of age were worse prognostic features than pauciarticular or polyarticular onset of occurrence after six years of age. Of 28 children who had either growing pains or psychogenic rheumatism, two were subsequently found to have chondromalacia patellae. None of the other children in this group for whom follow-up information was available had developed organic disease.
Adolescent↗
Some atypical features of Still's disease.
Still's disease can no longer be considered a rare disorder. Although the onset usually follows one of several definable patterns, some patients may present with features at variance with classical descriptions of the disease. Four such patients are described to illustrate some of the diagnostic problems which may arise.
Arthritis, Infectious↗
Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and HLA-B27 in a North American Indian population: a pilot study.
The value of an epidemiologic approach to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was assessed in a pilot study of an Amerind population. In 103 adult volunteers aged 20 to 42 years on a Cree reservation lumbar flexion and chest expansion were measured and HLA typing was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Of the 14 subjects with HLA-B27, 2 had radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis but none could be said to have definite ankylosing spondylitis on clinical grounds.
Adult↗
Cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus in man. VII. K-cell activity to HSV1 infected target cells in disease.
Herpes simplex virus-infected target cells, sensitised with antiviral antibody can be lysed by non-immune human lymphocytes (K-cells). This antibody dependent cell mediated immunity (ADCC) is a very efficient technique for destroying foreign target cells and may play a role in maintaining the localization of recurrent herpetic infections. We have used 51Cr labelled herpes virus infected target cells to examine the K-cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients who have either malignant reticuloendothelial diseases or who are receiving cytotoxic and steroid therapy for other reasons. K-cell activity was generally within the normal range in such patients and was surprisingly stable despite the occasional use of relatively large doses of cytotoxic agents. It is unlikely, therefore, that a defect in ADCC is responsible for the dissemination of herpes virus infections that may be seen in association with the above drugs and diseases.
Antibodies, Viral↗