Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A S Tochilovskiĭ.
The possibilities are shown of using officinal glycerin as a polyatomic alcohol in the treatment of alcoholism, in particular, alcohol abstinent syndrome. The theoretical basis of using glycerin is the possibility of replacing ethanol by a substance with a similar chemical structure not possessing euphoric and narcotic effect. Clinical results showed the rationality of using glycerin as an antialcohol substance.
The clinical picture of the extrapyramid disturbances was examined in 52 patients with hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis who had suffered an ischemic cerebral stroke. In 40 cases electromyographic, and in 26 cases pathomorphological examinations were performed. The extrapyramid disturbances are demonstrated with reference to the affection of one or another vascular basin. In ischemic strokes associated with circulatory disorders in the carotid artery basin the following variants of the extrapyramid disturbances were revealed : a) contralateral extrapyramid-pyramid syndrome; b) homolateral extrapyramid syndrome; c) hyperkinetic syndrome. In ischemic strokes due to circulatory disorders in the vertebrobasilar basin the disturbances revealed were: extrapyramid-pyramid-pseudobulbar syndrome (a variant of Filimonov's syndrome) and akinetic rigidity syndrome. The results of the above clinico-physiological examinations were compared with pathoanatomical findings. This comparison has made it possible to expand to a certain extent and concepts about the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the complicate clinical picture of the extrapyramid disturbances developed in ischemic cerebral stroke.
Clinical and morphological studies of 73 cases of parkinsonism in patients aged 31 to 90 years were carried out. The following groups (types) of parkinsonism were differentiated: vascular, idiopathic, post-encephalitic, traumatic, toxic (after carbon monoxide poisoning), and of obscure etiology. cases of vascular parkinsonism constituting the largest group. Clinical and morphological features of parkinsonism of various etiology are described, including certain specific features of the disease in hypertensive and atherosclerotic patients. Forms underlain by a combination of the vascular and involutional-dystrophic processes are specified. An opinion is expressed that it would be erroneous to identify idiopathic parkinsonism (Parkinson's disease) as an involutional-dystrophic process with the post-encephalitic one.
On the basis of clinical (150 cases) and clinico-morphological (40 cases) studies of patients with chronic insufficiency of cerebral circulation due to hypertensive disease or atherosclerosis with symptomatical hypertension the following extrapyramidal disorders of a vascular genesis were distinguished: 1) extrapyramidal -- pyramidal; 2) extrapyramidal -- pseudobulbar; 3) extrapyramidal -- cerebellar; 4) extrapyramidal -- thalamic; 5) extrapyramidal -- spinal 6) the syndrome of arteriosclerotic muscular rigidity. It was demonstrated that these syndromes may appear not only in lesions of the striar arteries, but in stenosing atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries and involvement of the vessels of verterbobasillar system. Development of different syndromes depends upon the prevalence of disorders in a certain vascular basin, the characters and severity of the main disease.