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Biomedical subjects

A Sabioncello

Publications and source records attributed to A Sabioncello.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Decreased phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in type-1 diabetes.

Leucocyte-mediated phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were tested in 48 children with type-1 diabetes and in 22 healthy children. Both phagocytosis and ADCC for opsonized 51Cr-erythrocytes significantly decreased in the diabetics. Phagocytosis decreased in well and in poorly balanced diabetics, but the latter, having type-1 diabetes for less than 5 years, exhibited a lower phagocytic capacity than the patients with a longer duration of disease. The decrease of ADCC in poorly balanced patients was greater than in the well balanced ones as compared to the controls. The duration of diabetes was without influence on their leucocytes' ADCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Leucocyte migration inhibition test and tuberculin hypersensitivity. "Escape" and some other factors influencing the clinical use.

Tuberculin hypersensitivity was evaluated in 71 Mantoux-positive and 58 Mantoux-negative persons by the leucocyte migration inhibition test. The capillary tube technique discriminated these two groups, but variability of results and overlapping of the groups were considerable. The shorter the incubation period, the better discrimination between the groups. Only after short incubation (2 h) was the correlation between the intensities of Mantoux reactions and migration inhibitions evident. The observed variability in migration areas, similar in the Mantoux-positives and controls, was the result of technical causes and variations in cells' ability to migrate. Further, in Mantoux-positive persons the migration progression (per min) increased during the first 2 h, but slowed down later on, more in controls than in chambers with antigen. Smaller migration areas in controls (early intervals) tended to produce lower migration indices than the larger ones. Finally, it was possible, using the standard score zeta, to calculate whether each individual result differed significantly from controls. By this procedure the intensity of cell-mediated immunity in individual patients could be estimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Particularity of local immunity in the nasopharynx. Parallel study of surface receptors and cell-mediated immune responses in cells derived from palatine or pharyngeal tonsils and blood.

Immunological functions of the pharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsils and blood leucocytes of children undergoing tonsillectomy were evaluated by determining T or B lymphocytes, the response to mitogens, and the cell-mediated immunological responses to tuberculin. In all the test systems used similar results were obtained with cells derived from either the palatine or pharyngeal tonsils. The mean percentage of T lymphocytes was significantly higher in the peripheral blood than in tonsils, but the reverse was true of B lymphocytes. The reaction to PHA was lower in tonsillar cell culture than in blood cell culture, but tonsillar cells reacted better to Con A than blood cells. In lymphocyte transformation tests tonsillar cells reacted to specific antigen (tuberculin) and this reaction was significantly higher than that of the parallelly tested blood lymphocytes. Further, in about 50% of the children tested, tuberculin caused migration inhibition of the mixture containing tonsillar cells and guinea pig peritoneal cells. Surprisingly, nearly identical results were obtained if migration inhibition test was performed with tonsillar cells alone. Consequently, poorly migrating tonsillar cells are nevertheless usable for direct migration inhibition testing.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1977

Dose-response relationship in the migration inhibition test using peritoneal exudate cells and blood leucocytes of tuberculin sensitive guinea pigs.

A comparison of the direct migration inhibition using peritoneal exudate cells and peripheral blood leucocytes from the same tuberculin sensitive guinea pigs was performed. Three antigen concentrations: 3, 15, and 75 microgram of PPD per ml were used. Both type of cells provided similar results except at early incubation intervals when leucocytes, in the presence of lower doses of the antigen, displayed stronger inhibition than peritoneal cells. Thus, in our study, peripheral blood leucocytes are at least equivalent to peritoneal exudate cells in the migration inhibition test.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Capillary migration of the cells of three murine tumours.

Cells of a murine myeloid leukemia, a lymphoid leukaemia, and a reticulosarcoma, were tested for their ability to migrate from capillary tubes. As compared with normal cells from the speeen, bone marrow, lymph nodes or peritoneal exudate, tumour cells migrated rather poorly. When present, the migration could be attributed to the existence of normal cells in the suspension of tumour cells. No correlation has been found between the migratory behaviour and the mode of growth of the tumour "in vivo".

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of the inhibition of leucocyte migration and monocyte spreading as in vitro assays for tuberculin hypersensitivity in man.

The ability of leucocyte migration inhibition and monocyte spreading inhibition test to detect tuberculin hypersensitivity was compared in the same twelve Mantoux-negative and fifteen Mantoux-positive persons. Tuberculin hypersensitivity expressed in vitro as migration or spreading inhibition, induced by 100 mug of PPD/ml, was assessed after 2 and 24, or 4 and 20 hr of incubation. A significant difference was found between negative and positive persons by migration inhibition at the early interval and by spreading inhibition at both intervals. When the two tests were compared on the basis of individual results, monocyte spreading inhibition appeared more discriminating (fewer results in the group of positive persons overlapped with those found among negative persons). Results of the monocyte spreading inhibition test correlated well with cutaneous reactions at both incubation intervals, while with migration inhibition the correlation was not so well expressed at either interval. Furthermore, a given change in skin reactivity of tuberculin-positive persons was reflected better in spreading inhibition than in migration inhibition indices. We conclude that the method of monocyte spreading inhibition compares favourably with the method of leucocyte migration inhibition, and it seems to be a suitable in vitro test for detection of tuberculin hypersensitivity in man.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological condition hormone levels in war trauma.

Psychological and hormonal responses to various degrees of war-related traumatic experience were analysed in 91 subjects. Their psychological responses (psychosomatic, personality traits, etc.) were evaluated by the COR-NEX2 test. Based on test results, the subjects were classified into three groups: G1 = normal, G2 = moderate, and G3 = severe response. The distribution of subjects in the three groups was related to the intensity and duration of stress that they had been exposed to. Serum levels of cortisol, prolactin, beta-endorphin, thyroxin and triiodothyronine were analysed in all subjects. The levels of cortisol and prolactin were significantly decreased in subjects expressing a severe psychological response, while the level of prolactin correlated with COR-NEX2 test scores. Although relations to other intervening variables are to be investigated, our results indicated that endocrine changes, following trauma, were not random, but rather related to stress-induced psychological responses, and not to trauma per se.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune, endocrine, and psychological responses in civilians displaced by war.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of trauma caused by forced expulsion from home in a war-ravaged region on the psychological, hormonal, and immune responses in displaced persons and to analyze the relationships between psychometric, hormonal, and immunologic variables. METHODS: Participants were 20 displaced and 14 control women. Psychosomatic response was evaluated using the COR-NEX2 test. Serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, endorphin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine were measured by radioimmunoassay. Immunophenotyping and lymphocyte proliferation were determined by flow cytometry, and phagocyte functions (i.e., ingestion and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity) against 51Cr-labeled sheep red blood cells were assessed through radioactivity uptake and release, respectively. RESULTS: In comparison with control women, displaced women had higher COR-NEX2 test scores; higher serum cortisol, prolactin, and endorphin levels; an increase in activated phenotype within all three measured cell populations (i.e., B, T, and natural killer cells); as well as an enhanced proportion of proliferating lymphocytes in freshly isolated samples. However, the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferative response, estimated as the stimulation index, was lower in displaced women. A complex pattern of relations between psychological, hormonal, and immune responses was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic psychological stress elicited multiple, predominantly stimulatory influences on immune functions.

Adolescent↗