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Biomedical subjects

A Saint-Remy

Publications and source records attributed to A Saint-Remy.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Blood pressure variability].

Blood pressure variability is a physiological phenomenon influenced by many internal and external factors. This variability could be also influenced by pathological conditions such as arterial hypertension. Two forms must be mainly distinguished: the blood pressure variability at long but also short-term. The latter could only be studied by continuous recordings. From the initial invasive intraarterial approach, it can nowadays be explored by a non invasive system of beat to beat recordings using the infrared photo plethysmography (the FINAPRES system). In this paper, some important questions will be treated such as the interest of measuring blood pressure variability, its cardiovascular prognosis and how therapeutic tools can be applied when it is increased?

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Can arterial hypertension be prevented?].

Prevalence of arterial hypertension is growing, in particular due to population ageing. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Prevention is conceivable on a theoretical basis by reduction or, if possible, prevention of excess weight, diet modifications, increased physical activity among other means. To be efficient, prevention should include an early detection of patients at risk and a long term assessment of efficacy requiring many efforts from both patients and physicians.

Diet↗
PubMed2002

[Blood pressure monitoring: dangers and traps].

The measure of blood pressure is probably the the most frequently performed medical act, and the less reliable. The introduction of non invasive recording of ambulatory blood pressure allowed to better define the white coat effect, that is the effect of the presence of a doctor on the blood pressure. White coat hypertension is defined as an abnormal blood pressure in the office and a strictly normal blood pressure outside the medical environment. As such, white coat hypertension is not associated with an increase of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and thus does not justify drug therapy. However, one third of the patients will progress with time to more severe stages of hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Dietary habits during adolescence--results of the Belgian Adolux Study.

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY: To analyse the usual dietary habits of Belgian adolescents from a high cardiovascular risk population. METHODS: A food frequency questionnaire (57 items) was administered to the whole sample. Complementary questions specified some types of food (eg fat content). A subgroup of 234 adolescents gave detailed information on portion size (picture book and food samples). SETTING: Twenty-four secondary schools in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,526 adolescents (12-17y) selected by a multiclustered stage sampling (participation: 83.6%). RESULTS: Respectively 46% and 60% of the adolescents did not eat fruit and vegetables daily. Most of the adolescents (72%) consumed at least one dairy product daily. The frequent consumption of chocolate and French fries indicated the strong cultural influence on dietary habits while imported foods (like hamburgers) had little success. One-third of the adolescents (33%, n = 509) drank alcohol at least once a week and this proportion rose to 57% in the oldest age group. Boys and girls differed significantly in their diet, with girls choosing healthier foods. Dietary habits, in particular drinking habits, differed also significantly between education levels, assessed by the learning option of the participants. The semi-quantitative questionnaire showed that two-thirds of the adolescents had a lipid intake (mainly saturated fatty acids) which exceeded 35% of the total caloric intake. Complex carbohydrates represented less than half of the total carbohydrates intake. CONCLUSION: The study of the diet of Belgian adolescents confirmed the strong influence of tradition, in particular on the consumption of high fat content foods. The promotion of healthy diet in adolescents should consider the cultural influence, even for this young age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Oral contraception and cardiovascular risk factors during adolescence.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the pattern of oral contraceptive (OC) use in teenagers and to examine the relationship between OC use and other cardiovascular risk factors. The study was conducted in 24 Belgian secondary schools. Most students (1526 adolescents aged 12-17 years) agreed to participate (participation rate: 83.6%). Smoking, physical activity habits, menarche, and OC use were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Total cholesterol level, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were also measured. Fourteen per cent of mature girls (14%, n = 92) were OC users. Two-thirds of them (66.3%, n = 61) were taking OC which contained either gestodene or desogestrel. Blood pressure and BMI were similar for OC users and non-users. Total cholesterol level was significantly higher in OC users than in non-users (191 mg/dL versus 172 mg/dL). Logistic regression model confirmed the significant influence of OC use on total cholesterol level (OR = 3.08). OC users were also often smokers (39% versus 20% for non-users). In conclusion, the present study has found significant relationships between OC use and cardiovascular risk factors i.e., high total cholesterol and smoking. The first implication is a need for further research on lipoprotein profile in young OC users. Secondly, the combined use of OC and smoking in teenagers calls for preventive actions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Fracture and bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients.

AIM: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine in hemodialysis patients the pattern of low trauma fracture, the ability of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to discriminate between patients with and without fracture, and the magnitude, distribution and mechanism of bone loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-eight patients were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and 3 radius sites (UD, MID and 1/3R). In 11 patients (12.5%), 16 fractures occurred and were predominant at the distal forearm and ribs. RESULTS: Patients with fracture had a significatively lower BMD Z-score at LS (-1.34 +/- 1.66 vs -0.42 +/- 1.23), at FN (-1.58 +/- 1.25 vs -0.60 +/- 1.01), at MID radius (-2.59 +/- 1.34 vs -0.93 +/- 1.76) and 1/3 radius (-1.62 +/- 1.60 vs -0.39 +/- 1.32). They also had a longer history of dialysis (113 +/- 64 vs 53 +/- 65 months). Prevalence of osteoporosis varied from 23% at LS to 50% at MID radius. CONCLUSION: Multiple regression analysis showed that there was no influence of gender, age, parathormone status and primary renal disease on BMD. However, at FN, UD, MID and 1/3 radius, a significantly negative correlation was found between length of dialysis and BMD Z-score. By contrast at LS, there was a positive correlation between age at onset of dialysis and BMD Z-score. Despite occurrence of fracture at the fistula forearm, BMD levels were similar in both arms.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Blood pressure during adolescence: a study among Belgian adolescents selected from a high cardiovascular risk population.

INTRODUCTION: The Belgian province of Luxembourg has a high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease according to the MONICA register. Surveys conducted in adults and children have also found high CV risk factor levels in this province. DESIGN: cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY: To collect data about blood pressure (BP) and its determinants in adolescents from this high CV risk population and to analyse their relationship. PARTICIPANTS: 1526 adolescents (12-17 years) in 24 secondary schools of the province. RESULTS: Mean systolic BP levels were 125 mm Hg (sd = 12 mm Hg) and 122 mm Hg (sd = 11 mm Hg) for boys and girls, respectively. Mean diastolic BP was equal to 74 mm Hg (sd = 10 mm Hg) in both genders. Systolic BP increased with age and differed significantly between genders from 15 years onwards. Body fatness indices increased with age except waist-to-hip ratio in girls and triceps skinfold in boys. Regression models including age, anthropometric indices and physical activity explained a small percentage of BP variance (for systolic BP, r2 = 0.21 and 0.12 for boys and girls, respectively). Weight was the first parameter related to BP in correlation and regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high BP and body fatness indices in adolescents from a high CV risk population. The model under study showed a moderate relationship between body fatness and BP. This finding suggests other influences as a genetic component to account for the high levels observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Red blood cell Na-Li countertransport, hypertensive heredity, and cardiovascular risk in young adults.

The erythrocyte Na-Li countertransport (CT) has been considered as a marker of genetic propension to essential hypertension, but also to be linked to atherosclerosis risk factors. We have evaluated these relationships by measuring the Na-Li CT, blood pressure levels, the family predisposition to hypertension, body mass index, subscapular skin-fold thickness, waist/hip ratio, and plasma lipids in 43 young adults (22 to 23 years; 13 with a positive family history of hypertension), followed since adolescence (+/- 10 years) to analyze the natural history of blood pressure in this period of life. The Na-Li CT was negatively correlated with the HDL cholesterol (r = -0.37) and the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (r = -0.44). This transport system was positively correlated to family history of hypertension (r = 0.38), waist/hip ratio, and the diastolic blood pressure. When the family history of hypertension was present, Na-Li CT and diastolic blood pressure were higher (P < .05), but the HDL cholesterol was lower (P < .01). After separating people according to the blood pressure level during adolescence in two groups, one lower than the 75th percentile (P75), and one higher, we notice that the latter remains characterized by a higher systolic blood pressure. But neither the Na-Li CT nor family history of hypertension and plasma lipids could explain the difference in the blood pressure behavior during this period. Thus, an increase of RBC Na-Li CT activity in young adults would suggest a higher cardiovascular risk rather than to be a simple marker of a hypertensive risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Arterial pressure in adolescents: epidemiologic approach].

The epidemiological survey of a sample of Belgium teenagers aged from 12 to 17 provides the reference values of blood pressure and illustrates the importance of weight and mainly of overweight as a determinant of blood pressure in this population. The longitudinal part of the study clearly establishes the importance of the tracking phenomenon and the significance of the casual finding of an elevated blood pressure in a teenager aged from 13 to 17 years.

Adolescent↗