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Biomedical subjects

A Samuelson

Publications and source records attributed to A Samuelson.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Nasal administration of IgA to individuals with hypogammaglobulinemia.

Many immunodeficient patients constantly carry non-typable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHI) in the nasopharynx, despite seemingly adequate antibiotic therapy. We have studied the effect of nasal administration of IgA on nasopharyngeal colonization in 5 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, with a productive cough, especially in the mornings, who were constant carriers of NTHI in the nasopharynx, and had IgA, 1 ml 6 times/day, given nasally for 14 days. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained on days 0, 7, 14 and 28. Two of the patients became culture-negative during the treatment, and the cough was alleviated in all patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1992

Early diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis by detection of specific IgM antibodies with a solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) and mu-capture EIA.

A solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) and a mu-capture enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) for detection of enterovirus-specific IgM antibodies were evaluated for enterovirus diagnosis of aseptic meningitis in 160 consecutive patients from whom enterovirus (11 different serotypes) were isolated in 64. In patients with an enterovirus isolate and/or four-fold titre rise in the complement fixation test (CFT) for enterovirus, specific enterovirus IgM antibodies were detected on the day of admission to hospital in 48% by SPRIST and in 50% by EIA and 4-6 days after onset of symptoms in 71% by SPRIST and 79% by EIA. A significant increase in titre was observed between serum sampled on the day of admission and 2 days later in 38% by SPRIST and in 41% by EIA. These results indicate that the IgM antibody response appears early in the course of aseptic meningitis. Since both SPRIST and EIA provide rapid results the tests may be of differential diagnostic value and the IgM antibody kinetics may be utilized for diagnosis during the acute phase of aseptic meningitis. With optimized serum sampling the positive outcome was 76% in SPRIST and 82% in EIA among patients with positive virus isolation and/or CFT for enterovirus. In 67 patients virus isolation and CFT for enterovirus yielded negative results as well as all non-enteroviral diagnostic tests. Thirty-eight of these patients were positive by SPRIST and/or EIA and in half of these 38 a significant titre rise and/or fall in SPRIST and/or EIA was recorded. The majority of these IgM-positive patients became ill in the late summer or autumn, i.e., the "enterovirus season."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intrauterine fetal death due to echovirus 11.

In a case of intrauterine fetal death in the 29th week of gestation, echovirus 11 could be isolated from the umbilical cord of the fetus. The mother had no apparent signs of infection but serological evidence of current echovirus 11 infection. Enterovirus PCR performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of various tissues (myocardium, lung, liver and placenta) from the fetus yielded positive results in all cases. These findings, together with supporting serological and epidemiological findings--e.g. proven echovirus 11 infection 3 weeks before in the 18-month-old son of the woman--constituted strong evidence that echovirus 11 infection was responsible for the fetal death.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Treatment failure in otitis-prone children with prophylactic tympanostomy tubes is correlated with nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae colonization.

Tympanostomy tubes are used to prevent recurrent otitis media among otitis-prone children. However, not all children benefit from this treatment. In the present study 28 children (19 boys, 9 girls) were given bilateral tympanostomy tubes at age 9-22 months (mean 14 months). They were observed 6 months before and after tube insertion. The treatment was considered successful for 20 children. Among these, 16 completely lacked or had one episode of middle ear discharge and 4 had otorrhea on two occasions. A total of 8 children suffered from three or more episodes of otorrhea and were considered as treatment failures. In the failure group, the nasopharyngeal average carrier rate of H. influenzae 6 months before and after tube insertion was 64% vs. 29% in the group responding well to the treatment (p less than 0.001). Nonencapsulated forms of H. influenzae were in a great majority. In the failure group 7 out of 8 presented middle ear discharge as soon as within 2 weeks after tube insertion whereas this occurred in only 3 out of 20 in the responding group. IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide (6A, 19F) were equally distributed in the two groups. The present data suggest that one reason for an unsatisfactory response to treatment with prophylactic tympanostomy tubes is nasopharyngeal colonization and subsequent middle ear infections caused by H. influenzae.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Effect of saturated and unsaturated lipid on the composition of mesenteric triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the rat.

The effect of saturated and unsaturated lipids on the composition of mesenteric lymph triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was studied in rats. A short-term steady-state infusion model was developed in mesenteric lymph fistula rats. Micellar solutions of linoleate, oleate, or palmitate were infused intraduodenally. Steady-state conditions of lymph flow, triglyceride, and apoA-I and apoB secretion rates were achieved in hours 3-5 after the start of the infusion. During this steady-state period, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were prepared and characterized. With lipid infusion there were the expected increases in secretion rates of triglyceride, apoB, and apoA-I both in whole lymph and in the d less than 1.006 g/ml lipoproteins. Compositional analysis of d less than 1.006 g/ml lipoproteins revealed no difference in the ratios of phospholipid or apoA-I (surface) to triglyceride (core) constituents between saturated and unsaturated lipids, suggesting a similar particle size. This was directly verified by agarose gel filtration and electron microscopy carried out at 27 degrees C, which showed no difference in particle size between linoleate and palmitate chylomicrons. When these lipoproteins were prepared at 4 degrees C, palmitate lipoproteins exhibited dramatically changed gel filtration elution profiles, suggesting a shift to smaller or at least distorted particles and questioning earlier results suggesting a smaller size for saturated fat d less than 1.006 g/ml lipoproteins. Despite the similarity of size between saturated and unsaturated chylomicrons, the apoB content of unsaturated linoleate chylomicrons was significantly lower than that of palmitate chylomicrons. This difference was present whether chylomicrons were prepared by centrifugation or by gel filtration. The clearance of palmitate chylomicrons from the circulation of recipient rats was slightly more rapid than that of linoleate chylomicrons. The mechanism for this apparently selective increase in the apoB content of saturated fat chylomicrons is unknown but the present studies suggest that these changes may be of physiologic significance, perhaps relating to the potential atherogenicity of saturated lipids.

Animals↗