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Biomedical subjects

A Sauer

Publications and source records attributed to A Sauer.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[New aspects of alcohol-induced crime by adolescents and young adults].

Statistical evaluation of data of forensic blood alcohol determinations revealed, that young delinquents (up to 20 years old) represent 11.4% (1981), 13% (1984), and 8.8% (1988) of the total, respectively. Out of them 5% were female delinquents, a number which doubled compared to a study performed during the years 1961-1976. The percentage of accident involvement (about 68%) and of the fleeing the scene cases (about 20%) was constant. Criminal delinquency decreased from 32% to 26%, but unemployed nearly doubled their participation. Young delinquents of the age group up to 16 years exhibited a significant decrease in the percentage of high-blood alcohol levels. Delinquency occurred mainly at weekends between midnight and 4 a.m. The data suggest a changing pattern of drinking behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Experiences with the use of an intravascular 6 French endosonography catheter in vivo].

Further progress in intraluminal sonography has led to the development of a 6 French ultrasound imaging catheter. This report demonstrates in vivo results using this new technique in a swine. Intraluminal echographic images obtained from the aorta and iliac arteries were of good quality. Artifacts such as image distortion were related to the 20 Mhz mechanically rotating tip motion and caused a loss of image quality. Atherosclerotic lesions could be visualized. The characteristics of the echo image of an atherosclerotic lesion related to the composition of corresponding histological sections of the lesion. Intraluminal sonography may develop into a new diagnostic tool, further enhancing progress in atherosclerosis research and improving the evaluation of coronary arteries and perivascular structures. Combined use with balloon angioplasty might also improve invasive therapeutic procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as inhibitors of cAMP-phosphodiesterase. Structure-activity relationship.

The effects of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds (7-desazapurines) on cAMP hydrolyzing, calmodulin dependent and calmodulin independent phosphodiesterase were studied. Phosphodiesterase inhibition depended on the chemical nature of substituents attached to the pyrrolo-pyrimidine-nucleus at positions 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Among a total of 28 compounds tested, the 4-amino-7-phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,6-dicarbaldehyde (9) was the most potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase activity (IC50 = 16 microM). In addition to the 5,6-disubstitution, position 2 of the pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivatives had to be unsubstituted and position 4 had to bear an amino-group for an optimal inhibitory effect. Calmodulin dependent and calmodulin independent isozymes were affected to the same extent. Inhibition of PDE activity was reversible upon removal of the pyrrolo-pyrimidine derivative 9 and non-competitive with respect to cAMP (Ki = 27 microM).

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1989

Antimalarial properties of ebselen.

The seleno-organic compound ebselen showed anti-malarial activity in vitro against the murine Plasmodium berghei and the human P. falciparum. In P. berghei, the uptake and incorporation of [3H]-methionine and [3H]-adenosine was inhibited and the infectivity of plasmodia was reduced. Ebselen affects the development of asexual stages of chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive P. falciparum strains. Its IC50 for P. falciparum was about 14 mumol/l and that for P. berghei, about 10 mumol/l. The growth of P. falciparum was blocked by ebselen at all stages, including the invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites. In a human hepatoma cell line and in mouse peritoneal macrophages, no cytostatic or cytotoxic effects were found, indicating selective inhibition of plasmodia by ebselen. Its in vitro inhibitory effect is discussed in relation to its possible reactivity with thiol groups and its lack of an anti-malarial effect in infected mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Predicting depression using earliest childhood memories.

In order to investigate the utility of earliest childhood memories (EMs) in clinical assessment, this study investigated the value of EMs in predicting naturally occurring depressive mood states. Of interest were those features of EMs that discriminate depressed from nondepressed individuals. Subjects were 212 undergraduate volunteers who completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, and a self-administered EM questionnaire. Utilizing thematic predictors derived from cognitive and psychodynamic theories of depression, depressed subjects were differentiated from nondepressed subjects at a rate significantly greater than chance, p less than .001, with a highly respectable estimate of cross-validation shrinkage. The findings demonstrate the phenomenon of mood dependent recall in autobiographical memory, namely, that memory attributes are strongly influenced by current mood state. Consistent with psychodynamic theories of depression and in contrast to cognitive theory, depressive mood states appear to facilitate retrieval of memory schemas involving deprivation and disturbing human interaction. Schemas involving loss of control, failure, or reactions to noncontingent reinforcement (perceptions of the self as agent) appear less salient than relationship schemas (perceptions of the self as related) in depressive experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Obstructive nephropathy; kidney function and renal excretion of prostaglandin (E)2 and Thromboxane B(2) following percutaneous decompression nephropyelostomy].

In patients with chronic urinary obstruction the excretion of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2) and thromboxane B(2) (TXB2) was measured. During obstruction signs of an increased vasoconstrictor (TXB2)- and a decreased vasodilator (PGE2) activity were found. After percutaneous nephropyelostomy a reverse pattern with decrease of the initially high (TXB2) excretion and increase of the PGE(2)excretion was observed. It is suggested that these changes of the arachidonic acid metabolism previously found in animals also take part in the pathophysiological changes in humans after relief of urinary obstruction having significant effect of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and tubular function in obstructive nephropathy in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of established human lymphoma lines by flow cytometry: quantitation of Ricinus communis agglutinin binding and the effect of specific glycosidases.

Two established cell lines of human B-cell lymphomas derived from Burkitt lymphomas and their Epstein-Barr virus-transformed counterparts were analyzed with respect to their ability to bind the beta-galactoside-specific lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA). Native and sialidase- as well as sialidase-beta-galactosidase-treated cells were compared. The method for the quantitative determination of average numbers of binding sites and of apparent affinity constants was flow cytometry with fluorescence-labeled lectin. Although with native cells there was no significant deviation of the values for virus-transformed cells from those for the parent cells, some differences could be detected after glycosidase treatment. The general procedure of the combined application of specific glycosidases and the quantitation of sugar-specific lectin binding is recommended as a general strategy for the differentiation of cells with known or putative differences in biological functions.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1983

On the light dependence of Fatty Acid synthesis in spinach chloroplasts.

The capacity of intact chloroplasts to synthesize long chain fatty acids from acetate depends on the stroma pH in Spinacia oleracea, U. S. hybrid 424. The pH optimum is close to 8.5. Lowering of the stroma pH leads to a reduction of acetate incorporation but does not suffice to eliminate fatty acid synthesis completely. Chain elongation from palmitic to oleic acid shows the same pH dependence. Fatty acid synthesis is activated in the dark upon the simultaneous addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and orthophosphate supplying ATP and oxaloacetate for reoxidation of NADPH in the stroma. Under these conditions both dark fatty acid synthesis and synthesis of oleate from palmitate show the same pH dependence as in the light. Dark fatty acid synthesis is further stimulated by increasing the stromal Mg(2+) concentration with the ionophore A 23187. In contrast to CO(2) fixation, dark fatty acid synthesis is considerably reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT). This observation may be due to an acetyl-CoA deficiency, caused by a nonenzymic acylation of DTT, and a competition for ATP between DTT-activated CO(2) fixation and fatty acid synthesis. Because d,l-glyceraldehyde as inhibitor of CO(2) fixation compensates the DTT effect on dark fatty acid synthesis, reducing equivalents may be involved in the light dependence of acetate activation.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oligosaccharides on living human neuroblastoma cells of dissimilar degrees of differentiation. A flow-cytometric study with sugar-specific lectins and glycosidases.

The present study is an attempt to correlate cell-surface saccharide composition and/or disposition with malignant behavior and differentiation of two established human neuroblastoma sublines. The methodology applied was quantitative flow-cytometric evaluation of binding data for sugar-specific lectins in conjunction with cell-surface modification by specific glycosidases. The relevant parameters were both the number of binding sites and their apparent affinity constants for the respective lectins on native cells as well as the expected shift of those values after sequential treatment with specific glycosidases. The main conclusions from the findings may be summarized as follows: 1. There appears to exist a correlation between differentiation and/or maturation of neural cells and their cell-surface oligosaccharide patterns, as deduced indirectly by the biophysical approach of quantitative evaluation of lectin-binding data. More specifically, our findings support the hypothesis of a strong correlation between the degree of sialylation of terminal saccharide structures and the relative immaturity and/or lack of differentiation of the respective cells by morphological and biochemical criteria. 2. The combined application of specific lectins and glycosidases should be further exploited for similar purposes since it yields unequivocal information, provided that all biochemical and biophysical methods are scrutinized for their specificity. 3. Flow cytometry with fluorescence-labeled lectins is especially suited for the purposes mentioned since it allows quantitative binding studies to be conducted in a quick and uncomplicated manner. Most importantly, these data can be derived from intact living cells.

Binding Sites↗