Resolution of the frozen-charge paradox in stopping of channeled heavy ions.
The long-standing problem of the lacking signature of a Barkas effect in the stopping of swift heavy ions under channeling conditions has been analyzed theoretically. The stopping model provides explicit dependences on impact parameter and allows for projectile screening and higher-order Z(1) corrections. The analysis differentiates between principal target shells. A distinct Barkas correction is found in accordance with standard theory. It is less pronounced for channeled than for random stopping because of the dominance of outer target shells. Varying contributions from different target shells to the stopping force may give rise to an inversion of the commonly observed variation with ion energy and charge state of the Barkas correction.
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