Transient transfection of ecotropic retrovirus receptor permits stable gene transfer into non-rodent cells with murine retroviral vectors.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Scholz
Publications and source records attributed to A Scholz.
[The scars of Andy Warhol].
The biographical and artistic documents describing to the attempted assassination of the artist Andy Warhol are reviewed. The visible scars are interpreted as symbols of the damaged integrity of the skin.
Abdominal Injuries↗
Androgen-like and anti-androgen-like effects of antiprogestins in human mammary cancer cells.
In addition to their antiprogestational activity, the antiprogestins RU486, ZK98.299 and ZK98.734 possess varying antiglucocorticoid as well as androgen-like or antiandrogen-like properties in human mammary cancer cells. The human mammary cancer cell line MFM-223, which contains only androgen receptors, was used as a model to investigate androgen receptor mediated effects of these antiprogestins. Proliferation of MFM-223 cells is inhibited by androgens and does not respond to oestrogens, progestins and glucocorticoids. As shown in proliferation assays, ZK98.734 was a strong inhibitor of cell proliferation. This effect was antagonised by the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide. ZK98.734 was found to displace [3H]R1881 from the androgen receptor in MFM-223 cells, substantiating the involvement of the androgen receptor. The antiprogestin ZK98.299 failed to influence the proliferation of MFM-223 cells. ZK98.299 did not bind to the androgen receptor and was devoid of androgenic or antiandrogenic activity. RU486 bound to the androgen receptor. It was a weak inhibitor of MFM-223 cell proliferation, but the inhibition of proliferation by RU486 was not antagonised by hydroxyflutamide. This effect was probably not mediated by the androgen receptor. RU486 had antiandrogenic activity in this cell line, as it antagonised the inhibitory effect of dihydrotestosterone at a 100-molar excess. These results were confirmed by transfection experiments with an MMTV-CAT construct in the same cell line, demonstrating the biological function of the ZK98.734-androgen receptor complex. ZK98.299 and RU486 were not able to induce CAT activity. The different androgenic or antiandrogenic properties of the antiprogestins investigated should be considered when selecting antiprogestational properties of the antiprogestins investigated should be considered when selecting antiprogestational compounds for clinical applications, as a partial androgenic activity may be of benefit in breast cancer but can have undesired side-effects in other diseases.
Androgen Antagonists↗
Biphasic pattern of gelsolin expression and variations in gelsolin-actin interactions during myogenesis.
During myogenesis in vitro, the amount of gelsolin in myogenic cells increased by a factor of approximately 3 from about 200 ng to a maximum of 750 ng per milligram of total protein. Gelsolin increased steadily from the myoblast state to terminally differentiated myotubes containing abundant cross-striated myofibrils. At the same time, the amount of total actin varied by only about 30%, the molar ratio of gelsolin:actin increased from 1:500 to approximately 1:150. This modulation of gelsolin expression was observed both in avian and mammalian myocultures. Once the state of terminal differentiation in myocultures was attained, the amount of gelsolin decreased again. On the other hand, gelsolin decreased continuously in the postnatal mouse muscle by a factor of approximately 5 between Day 1 and Day 12 after birth. When myogenic cells from various stages of differentiation were extracted with Triton X-100, the majority of gelsolin was soluble, whereas a minor fraction was tightly associated with the cytoskeleton. The actual amount of insoluble gelsolin depended on both the Ca2+ concentration during extraction and the degree of differentiation. Whereas at [Ca2+] > 10(-5) M about one-third of the total gelsolin was associated with the cytoskeleton at all stages of differentiation, the amount of insoluble gelsolin after Triton extraction in the presence of EGTA increased from 3 to 17% during differentiation. The amount of soluble actin decreased from 40 to 25% during the same period, independent of the Ca2+ concentration. We calculated that the amount of gelsolin associated with the cytoskeletal or myofibrillar system is approximately 20-fold higher in differentiated myotubes than in early myotubes, indicating a functional role of gelsolin for myofibrillar assembly.
Actins↗
[Dresden dermatology--an example?].
Since the first dermatological outpatient clinic was started in Dresden in 1869, it has seen the practice of dermatology in the broadest sense, with scientific research activity and innovation. The good working relationship between the dermatologists in private practice and those in the clinics has been the main factor in this successful development. The traditional background of the following sectors is highlighted: outpatient clinic, X-ray and UV light treatment, allergology and occupational dermatology, psychosomatic dermatology, dermatosurgery, and phlebology.
Dermatology↗
Successful outcome of cryosurgery in patients with granuloma annulare.
Several therapeutic methods have been employed in the management of localized granuloma annulare (GA), with varying degrees of success. We performed a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy, cosmetic results, and safety of cryosurgical treatment in GA. Thirty-one patients with localized GA were treated by cryosurgery, using the contact method. Nitrous oxide (-86 degrees C) or liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) were used as refrigerants, and were applied with closed probes; each lesion was treated with one freeze-thaw cycle of 10-60 s per session. If necessary, treatment was repeated after 20-30 days. Resolution of the lesions was obtained in all patients, and in 25 of 31 patients (80.6%) they resolved after a single freeze-thaw cycle. Relapse occurred in only one of 11 patients who were followed for more than 2 years, and this occurred 16 months after treatment. Excellent cosmetic results were obtained in 14 of 28 patients who were eligible for evaluation (50%), and good results in 11 (39.3%). The cosmetic result obtained by cryosurgery with nitrous oxide was independent of the size of the lesion, whereas in the group of patients treated with liquid nitrogen a better cosmetic result was obtained with smaller lesions (comparison of lesions < or = 2.40 cm2 with those > 2.40 cm2; P = 0.04). The duration of the lesion, its location, previous treatment with another method, and the number of treatment sessions, did not have any influence on the cosmetic result. The treatment was generally well tolerated. Blister formation occurred in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Resetting of 24-h sodium and water balance during 4 days of servo-controlled reduction of renal perfusion pressure.
This study examines whether an increase in renal perfusion pressure (RPP) is necessary to escape endogenously stimulated Na- and water-retaining mechanisms. In seven dogs stimulation was accomplished by a servo-controlled reduction of RPP (rRPP) below the threshold for pressure-dependent renin release for 4 days. Oral intake was standardized. Plasma renin activity (PRA) rose from 2.5 in controls to approximately 5 ng ANG I.ml-1 x h-1 during rRPP days. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) increased by approximately 50% only on day 1 of rRPP but fell at or below control levels thereafter. The PAC-to-PRA ratio decreased during rRPP days. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) rose to values three times higher than in controls. Mean systemic blood pressure (MABP) rose from 111 +/- 12 in controls to 142 +/- 14 mmHg on day 4 of rRPP. On day 1 of rRPP 60% of the Na and 24% of the water intake were retained. However, after 2-3 days the input-output balance was restored but on a higher level of total body Na and total body water (new "set point"). Because elevated systemic MABP could not exert direct pressure effects on the kidneys due to servo control of rRPP, there must be other factors, e.g., fall in PAC, increase in ANF, and changes in intrarenal hemodynamics and physical factors that may have contributed to the resetting of input-output balances during rRPP.
Animals↗
Differentiation of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer employing prostatic-specific antigen density.
To enhance the ability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to distinguish benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from cancer of the prostate (CaP) Benson et al. defined a new parameter, PSA density (PSAD), which is the ratio of the serum PSA concentration to the volume of the prostate. We have employed this parameter in a prospective study of 28 patients with clinically localised CaP and 57 patients with BPH. Mean PSAD was 0.116 for the BPH patients and 0.46 for the CaP patients (p < 0.005). The authors conclude that the information provided by PSAD is superior to absolute PSA values in the differentiation between BPH and CaP.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
[Initial experiences with combined balloon angioplasty and rtPA thrombolysis in dialysis shunt failure].
The 23 interventions performed by us on 18 patients had a very high success rate both in intraarterial lysis therapy of obstructed haemodialysis shunts and in balloon angioplasty (19/23). Shunt failure had to be primarily treated by surgery in 3 cases only. The complications were confined to a rupture of a vessel that required surgical care. 14 shunts were found to be patent in a total of 18 patients (18 being of course as small patient group). Our experience leads us to believe that patients suffering from shunt insufficiency should always be primarily treated endoluminally if angiography confirms that intervention is possible. Surgical intervention is always advisable even if the result may occasionally be negative in a few rare cases.
Adult↗
[Quality criteria of digital subtraction angiography of the trunk of the body].
The presently valid quality criteria of digital subtraction angiography in the body trunk area are described. The indications for intravenous and intraarterial examinations are explained; these are closely connected with the respective demands. The problem levels are analysed and update technical and methodical solutions are offered.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
Decline of German dermatovenereology under the Nazi regime.
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Dermatology↗
Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler US with a new transpulmonary echo contrast agent based on saccharide microparticles.
The purpose of this first patient study (phase II) was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a new echo contrast agent at transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (US). Twenty patients were selected from a group of 242 patients undergoing conventional transcranial Doppler US who had low (n = 18) or absent (n = 2) Doppler signals from the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The extent and duration of Doppler signal increase was measured in 30 MCAs and in 14 basilar arteries following the intravenous injection of a transpulmonary galactose microparticle suspension (SH U 508 A) at three concentrations (200, 300, and 400 mg/mL). Doppler waveform analysis became possible in 93% (28 of 30) of the MCAs following injection. The maximal increase in average Doppler signal intensity (11 dB at 200 mg/mL, 15 dB at 300 mg/mL, and 17 dB at 400 mg/mL) and the increase in average duration of the signal enhancement (163 seconds at 200 mg/mL, 219 seconds at 300 mg/mL, and 240 seconds at 400 mg/mL) depended on contrast agent concentration. Doppler waveform analysis became possible in 79% (11 of 14) of the basilar arteries. The intravenous injection of this new echo contrast agent markedly increases Doppler signal intensity in patients with nondiagnostic results at conventional Doppler US.
Basilar Artery↗
Ion channels in human axons.
1. Until now, no direct electrophysiological information has been available on the molecular basis of human nerve excitability. We here report patch-clamp recordings, both single- and multichannel, from acutely dissociated human axons. 2. Voltage-dependent sodium channels with a conductance gamma = 13 pS (measured in Ringer at room temperature) are found in the nodal area. 3. There are several types of voltage-dependent potassium channels: I channels (gamma = 34 pS), F channels (gamma = 50 pS), and channels with small conductance (gamma = 7-9 pS, all measured in high potassium solution). Most of them are closely similar to those already reported in Xenopus and rat axons; in addition a 200-pS, calcium-dependent potassium channel, similar to that in Xenopus, is present. 4. Differences between the electrical behavior of human axons and those of other species are probably not due to the presence of fundamentally different channel types, but may be due to differences in channel density or distribution. 5. As well as increasing our understanding of the basis of excitability in human nerve, this method may prove useful in the investigation of inherited and other human neuropathies.
Axons↗
Femoral head perfusion in patients with femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis.
Femoral head perfusion in adults was studied by superselective i.a. DSA in 35 normal subjects, in 9 patients with medial femoral neck fracture preoperatively, and in 36 patients with femoral head necrosis before bone grafting, and as therapeutic control after grafting. All patients with femoral neck fracture showed an interruption of the proximal nutrient branches. In 93% of the cases with femoral head necrosis, these branches were rarefied or the medial circumflex femoral artery was interrupted. Postoperative DSA after pedicled pelvic bone graft revealed a regularly perfused graft in 82%. Superselective i.a. DSA is a valuable procedure for the therapeutic decision in selected patients with femoral neck fracture as well as before pedicled pelvic bone grafting and as therapeutic control after grafting.
Adult↗
[15th Annual Meeting of the "Society of Surgical and Oncological Therapy"].
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Dermatology↗
[Primary femoral recanalization using a slowly rotating catheter system].
Over a period of 2 years, 26 patients with chronic occlusions of the superior femoral and popliteal arteries were referred for recanalization. In two cases, the origin of the superior femoral artery could not be detected. A primary recanalization was achieved in 21 of 24 patients by the catheter system used by us (Viadyn). A stent (extensor) had to be implanted in one case because of a considerable lesion of the intima. A short-term clot lysis was indicated for another patient. On the basis of our results, rotation angioplasty with a slowly rotating catheter system seems to be the therapeutic method of choice for chronic arterial occlusions in the thigh.
Aged↗
[The visualization of bony and vascular structures in digital subtraction images depending on the contribution of the anatomical background].
We examined the loss of contrast leaving a part of the anatomic background in digital subtraction angiography by visual analysis and densitometry. We observed a greater loss of the quality at the representation of the bone below than above an amount of anatomic background of 60%. The loss of quality at the representation of the vessels decreases more above than below an anatomical background of 45%. We think that, depending on the clinical problem, an anatomical background between 15 and 30% should be left.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
[Catheter-induced vascular lesions: a comparison of the diagnostic value of Doppler color sonography versus angiography].
One hundred and thirty-two patients with suspected lesions of the femoral arteries following diagnostic and/or therapeutic cardiac catheterisation were studied by colour Doppler sonography (CDS) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and the results were compared. CDS was unable to demonstrate 5 out of 23 av fistulae. Intra-arterial DSA showed all av fistulae found at operation. CDS showed lower reliability (95%) than DSA (100%) for the demonstration of pseudoaneurysms. CDS can indicate hematoma and thrombi in pseudo-aneurysms and their exact extent is better shown by sonography. Arterial dissections (2 cases) and intra-luminal thromboses or occlusions of the femoral artery (4 cases) are shown equally well by the two procedures.
Adult↗