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Biomedical subjects

A Scotti

Publications and source records attributed to A Scotti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

GABAergic hippocampal neurons resistant to ischemia-induced neuronal death contain the Ca2(+)-binding protein parvalbumin.

Bilateral transient occlusion of carotid arteries in gerbils for 7 min results in delayed neuronal cell death in hippocampal field CA1. Local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons survive the ischemic insult. Here we show that interneurons in gerbil hippocampus are parvalbumin-immunoreactive, that they contain the GABA-synthetizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and that they are resistant to the effects of ischemia, being present up to 28 days after the insult. It might be concluded that the presence of the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin protects the GABAergic neurons from the deleterious consequences of ischemia-induced excitotoxin-mediated Ca2+-influx.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison trial of iron succinylprotein complex or iron gluconate complex in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

Forty patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia were randomly assigned to receive iron succinylprotein complex (containing 80 mg of elemental iron daily) or iron gluconate complex (containing 125 mg of elemental iron daily) for two months. Improvement, as measured by hematological variables, was noted in both groups, iron succinylprotein complex being superior to iron gluconate complex on some measures. Side effects were reported by two of the 20 patients treated with iron succinylprotein complex and by ten of the 20 patients treated with iron gluconate complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Imidazole salicylate in the treatment of osteoarthrosis and musculoskeletal trauma: a postmarketing survey.

A postmarketing survey was conducted by 37 orthopedists and traumatologists among 700 patients of both sexes, aged 7 to 87 years, to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of imidazole salicylate. The 467 patients with osteoarthrosis received 750-mg tablets (TID) for up to one month and 233 patients with traumatic pathologies received imidazole salicylate gel (BID-TID) for ten days, or tablets (BID-TID), or both gel and tablets combined. The treatment was satisfactory in both patient groups, significantly reducing the intensity of pain and swelling and improving articular function. No adverse experiences that had not been reported previously were recorded; only some gastrointestinal side effects exceeded an incidence of 1%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Intravesical bleomycin in bladder tumour prophylaxis.

The authors have evaluated the efficacy, tolerability and systemic absorption of bleomycin administered by intravesical route in the prophylaxis of recurrences of superficial vesical tumours after endoscopic resection (TUR). Thirty mg of bleomycin dissolved in 30 ml of saline solution were instilled in the bladder once a week for the first month and then once a month for 12 months. The instilled fluid was held in the bladder for 1 hour. The systemic absorption of the drug was evaluated by a microbiological assay of bleomycin in plasma and in the perfusion liquid recovered from the bladder. Fifteen patients were treated; most had a long history of multiple recurrent tumours despite previous intravesical treatments. Thirteen patients presented tumour recurrences during the treatment; 4 of them were given a second course of instillations following a second TUR and 3 of these presented further recurrences. The authors conclude that the drug, administered intravesically to high-risk patients with the modalities employed in the present study, was not effective in preventing recurrences. It was well tolerated locally and was free from systemic toxicity. The amount of bleomycin that was not recovered from the bladder after a contact time of one hour was relatively high but the drug did not reach measurable levels in the peripheral blood.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Quantitative analysis of bone tissue. Correlation of several radio-morphometric indices with gamma-absorptiometric mineralometry].

According to results of experimental study on 70 women, either normal or osteoporotic, the authors come to a critical valuation of known radio-morphometric index concerning the measure of amount of bone and propose the cortical planimetric percent area of the second right hand metacarpal as original radio-morphometric index, greatly correlated (r = 0,879) to gamma-absorptsiometric mineralometry.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1983

Prevention and treatment of central venous catheter sepsis by exchange via a guidewire. A prospective controlled trial.

A new approach for preventing and treating sepsis due to central venous catheter (CVC) has been devised at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. A prospective protocol has been developed that includes the weekly exchange of the CVC via a guidewire as well as its exchange when a CVC-related sepsis is suspected. Growth of microorganisms on the tip of the CVC is defined as contamination if peripheral blood culture is negative and as sepsis if it is positive for the same microorganism. Colonization simply means growth of microorganism independently of the results of peripheral blood culture. Two hundred seven CVCs (64 polyvinyl chloride and 143 rubber silicone) were evaluated in 62 patients, for a total of 170 exchanges. The incidence of colonization and sepsis was 33.8% and 4.8%, respectively, a rate which is not significantly different from the values found in 81 historical controls (30.8% and 11.1%). However, it is noteworthy that the sepsis rate was reduced strongly during the first month of observation (0% vs. 11.9%; p = 0.01), whereas in the second month, it was similar in both groups (15% vs. 7.1%). Moreover, it should be noted that three-fourths of the colonized CVCs became negative after the first exchange, and virtually all were negative at the fourth exchange. All of the episodes of sepsis resolved spontaneously with the CVC exchange. The study, therefore, concludes that this procedure: 1) is without risk for CVC cross contamination, 2) is effective in the treatment of contaminated CVCs and of septic patients without any interruption of total parenteral nutrition, and 3) can reduce the incidence of CVC sepsis during the first month of total parenteral nutrition. One must be cautious about the possible onset of pulmonary embolism in patients with subclavian venous thrombosis, since a transient pulmonary embolism occurred in one of the patients. With the use of silastic CVCs, which are less thrombogenic than polyvinyl ones, the rate of pulmonary embolism due to blind exchange (without previous venography) is estimated to be 0.1% to 0.2%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Specific involvement of peripheral T lymphocytes against acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis.

A specific sensitisation of blood T lymphocytes against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been demonstrated in myasthenic patients. After thymectomy the T lymphocytes response was quickly decreased and in most patients it reached normal values. The T response remained at low or normal levels for at least two years. In patients who had undergone thymectomy three or more years before, a T lymphocyte response against acetylcholine receptors was frequently detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cellular and humoral immunity to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis.

At the same time in 21 myasthenic patients we measured a. the cellular immune response against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of peripheral lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and non rosette forming lymphocytes (50% B lymphocytes); b. the antibodies to AChR and c. the antigenic modulation activity of their sera on rat myotube AChR. At least one of these parameters was positive in each patient and this further supports the relevance of the immune response to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. Strict correlations between the response of lymphocytes, antigenic modulation, antibody titer and disease severity were not evident.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Impact of cancer, type, site, stage and treatment on the nutritional status of patients.

This study analyzed the nutritional status of cancer patients in relation to type and site of origin of the tumor, stage of disease, and previous chemical or radiation therapy. The analysis was performed on 321 patients (280 with cancer and 41 controls). The nutritional parameters included per cent of weight loss, anthropometric indices (arm circumference, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference), creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, total iron binding capacity and cholinesterase, C3 and C4 components of complement, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The statistical comparison between patients with different tumors and controls, between patients with different stages of the same tumor, and between patients treated with or without previous chemical or radiation therapy led to the following conclusions: 1) malnutrition is mainly related to the type and site of origin of the tumor and, in the early stages of disease, is more pronounced in patients with cancer of the esophagus and stomach; 2) except in patients with breast and cervix cancer, malnutrition gets more severe as the disease becomes advanced; 3) chemical or radiation therapy has a variable impact on the nutritional status, but in selected patients it causes a drop in body weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and peripheral lymphocytes; 4) body weight, cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and serum albumin are the most commonly altered parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of supportive intravenous hyperalimentation on the nutritional status of cancer patients.

The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on the nutritional status of 84 cancer patients treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, has been evaluated. The body weight increased in 78% of patients, mid upper arm circumferance in 93%, triceps skinfold in 73%, mid upper arm-muscle circumference in 73%, creatinine/height index in 30%, serum albumin in 32%, transferrin in 35%, total peripheral lymphocytes in 38%. Lymphocyte blastogenesis increased in 74% of the patients examined and skin tests were converted from negative to positive in about 20% of patients. In addition 8 our of 18 patients responsive to IVH benefited from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy indicating that the nutritional repletion of the host did not significantly affect the growth of the tumor. These findings support the opinion that neoplastic cachexia may depend partially on malnutrition and can be often reversed by IVH. Moreover, IVH might have an adjunctive role as potentiator of chemotherapy which however must be confirmed by clinical trials.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1976

[Problems of anesthesia and resuscitation in drepanocytic anemia].

A study was made of anesthesiological and resuscitation problems in 18 patients suffering from drepanocytic anemia. An examination of the results showed that the anesthesiological problems do not so much concern selection of the anesthetic as a knowledge of the physiopathology of this disease, i.e. the tendency to bronchopulmonary complications as a result of the increased viscosity of the blood, the increased mechanical fragility of the erythrocytes, and erythrostasis, with consequent rise of ischaemic necrosis and damage to the various parenchymas. It was also observed that pulmonary complications occurred more frequently in preoperatively transfused patients.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1976

[Renal resistance in ethrane anesthesia].

The indices of renal functionality are studied during the course of ether anesthesia in order to ascertain the behaviour of the kidney subjected to narcosis with this drug. A sharp reduction in the minute volume of F.G. and P.R.E. is evidenced, together with an increase in renal resistances, especially as regards the efferent sector. These changes, which are established at the start of anesthesiological treatment, tend to decrease in intensity as narcosis continues. This picture is interpreted as being due to the concomitant action of two factors: a decrease in cardiac output on the one hand, and an increased incretion of catecholamines leading to renal arteriolar vasoconstriction on the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Circulatory flow during anesthesia with enflurane].

The rebreathing technique was used to study the behaviour of the circulatory flow in patients operated under ether anesthesia. It was observed that during ether narcosis the circulatory flow values show a fair drop at the readings made 30' and 45' after the inductive period. 60' after the start of ether narcosis the circulatory flow values show a tendency to increase, and these observations are accentuated in the readings taken at 75' and 90'.

Adult↗