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Biomedical subjects

A Sedaghat

Publications and source records attributed to A Sedaghat.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Cholesterol crystals and the formation of cholesterol gallstones.

To examine the relation of cholesterol crystallization to the formation of gallstones, gallbladder bile was obtained by means of duodenal intubation in 54 patients (eight with asymptomatic gallstones) and from 17 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Hepatic bile was obtained from nine patients with common-duct stones. Bile samples were examined for cholesterol monohydrate crystals and analyzed to determine the percentage of cholesterol saturation. Intubation in the eight patients with asymptomatic gallstones revealed a cholesterol saturation of 142 +/- 42 per cent (mean +/- S.D.) and crystals in five patients. Crystals were absent in the other 36 patients with supersaturated bile (cholesterol saturation, 166 +/- 44 per cent) and in the 10 patients with undersaturated bile (cholesterol saturation, 81 +/- 24 per cent). In the 26 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis or common-duct stones, crystals were not seen in the bile of the seven patients with pigment stones but were present in the bile of all 19 patients with cholesterol stones. (In some cases crystals appeared only after 24 to 48 hours of incubation.) Cholesterol crystallization is probably a prerequisite for the formation of cholesterol gallstones; however, many subjects have no crystallization despite marked supersaturation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The prevalence of toxoplasma infection in southern Iran.

To determine the prevalence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in the Fars Province of Iran, sera from 300 patients hospitalised at the Pahlavi University Medical Centre in Shiraz were tested. There were 157 males and 143 females, with a mean age of 39 years (range 10--80 years). The indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was used and titres of 1:16 and above were considered positive. Eighty eight patients of whom 50 were male and 38 female (mean age 41 years, range 14--80 years) had positive sera. Of these 88 patients, 35 (40%), 25 (28%), 17 (19%), 5 (6%) and 6 (7%) had antibody titres of 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 and 1:256 respectively. One hundred and twenty three of the 212 patients with negative sera (58%) had contact with cats. A similar proportion of patients with positive sera [51 of 88 (58%)] also had contact with cats. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of our patients (29%) show serological evidence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii. A significant correlation between exposure to cats and the consumption of improperly cooked meat on the one hand and seropositivity on the other, could not be demonstrated. There was no significant increase in the incidence of seropositivity with increasing age (P = 0.35).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Subclinical infection with mycobacteria in southern Iran.

In 50 non-tuberculous adult patients hospitalized in the Pahlavi University Medical Center skin testing with 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative of mammalian Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD-M) and equivalent amounts of antigen from Mycobacterium kansasii (PPD-Y) and Mycobacterium Gause (PPD-G), as well as 0.1 ml mumps antigen was carried out. Thirty four per cent, 26 per cent and 12 per cent of the patients had induration greater than 10 mm in diameter to PPD-M, PPD-Y and PPD-G respectively. However, only 28 per cent, 8 per cent and 2 per cent had induration to the above antigens which was greater than 10 mm in diameter and in which the induration was greater than that produced by the other mycobacterial antigens tested. Thirty per cent of the patients had positive reactions to mumps antigen. The results indicate that subclinical infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is relatively common, that infection with atypical mycobacteria may occur and that the incidence of mumps skin reactivity is low in this part of the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The status of tuberculin skin testing at the Pahlavi University Medical Centre.

Thirty-four patients with tuberculosis were skin tested with 5 tuberculin units (TU) of purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD). PPD supplied by Park Davis and Co., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. (PPD-PD) as well as PPD obtained from The Razi Institute, Hessarak, Teheran (PPD-RI) were both used for skin testing in each patient. The results indicate that 74-79% of patients with active tuberculosis have positive tuberculin reactions, that PPD-RI is a potent source of tuberculin for skin testing and that a substantial proportion of our tuberculous patients (21-26%) have negative tuberculin skin reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Cholera: a review.

A case of cholera admitted to the Pahlavi University Medical Centre is presented and the aetiology, pathophysiology, complications and treatment of the disease are reviewed and discussed.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1976

Health manpower.

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Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1975

Lack of effect of cholestyramine on the pharmacokinetics of clofibrate in man.

The study was undertaken to determine whether cholestyramine (16 g daily) interfered with clofibrate absorption when the two drugs were given together. Fifteen patients taking 1 g of clofibrate twice daily (for 2 to 416 weeks) participated in the study. Clofibrate (as the acid, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, CPIB) was quantified by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. In patients taking clofibrate only, mean plasma CPIB concentration before the morning dose of clofibrate was 123 mug/ml. Peak levels were reached 3.5 hours after drug intake, the mean peak plasma CPIB concentration being 193 mug/ml. Absorption of CPIB exceeded 99%. Ninety-eight percent of the daily CPIB-intake was excreted in the urine, 61% being conjugated. In vivo degradation of CPIB did not occur. Free and conjugated CPIB was present in bile (mean fasting level being 55 mug/ml. The decay of radioactive CPIB in plasma was not log-linear: the mean t 1/2 of the first exponential was 0.45 hours, and of the second 15.1 hours. The pool size in 3 patients 3 hours after the morning dose of clofibrate was 1054 mg. CPIB was not detectable in adipose tissue, and kinetic data gave no hint of drug accumulation in patients on long-term therapy. In 6 patients given cholestyramine together with clofibrate, there was no significant alteration in fasting plasma CPIB levels, 24-hour urinary and faecal excretion of CPIB or in the half-life and pool size of the drug. A short delay in reaching peak plasma CPIB levels was the only consistent finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effects of neomycin on absorption, synthesis, and/or flux of cholesterol in man.

The mode of action of the hypocholesteremic drug neomycin (2 g/day) was studied in four patients. All showed a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol concentrations (mean 25 percent, range 18-31 percent), and in one of three patients with hyperglyceridemia there was a decrease of plasma triglycerides of 26 percent. Cholesterol absorption was measured in three of four patients: there was a marked decrease. Sterol balance studies in four patients showed an unabating increase in fecal neutral steroid excretion (mean increase 345 mg/day, range 323-361) for 3-5 wk after plasma cholesterol levels had reached a new and lower plateau. Fecal acidic steroid excretion increased temporarily in two patients, with a sustained increase of 93 mg/day in only one. Daily stool weights increased significantly in three of four patients, though none had steatorrhea; there was a significant reduction in excretion of secondary bile acids; neutral sterol degradation rates were not affected by the drug. Slopes of plasma cholesterol-specific activity time curves did not change. These results fail to support the suggestion that neomycin acts as a bile acid precipitant. The finding of increased fecal neutral steroid excretion is consistent with decreased cholesterol absorption, but also with increased cholesterol absorption, but also with increased cholesterol synthesis (secondary to release of negative feedback control), with increased flux of cholesterol from tissues, or with a combination of all three actions.

Aged↗
PubMed1974

Determination of clofibrate in biological fluids by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography.

A specific and sensitive method is described for the detection of clofibrate in biological fluids. The drug is separated from associated fatty acids by thin-layer chromatography and the methyl ester is quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. Recovery is excellent, and any small losses are corrected with an internal recovery standard. Although more time-consuming than other available techniques, the method offers advantages for accurate studies of clofibrate metabolism.

Bile Acids and Salts↗