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Biomedical subjects

A Shand

Publications and source records attributed to A Shand.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Anti-inflammatory effects of enteral diet components on Crohn's disease-affected tissues in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of action of elemental diet in Crohn's disease treatment, is unknown. Alteration of bacterial flora, low antigenicity, low fat content and improvement of nutritional status are postulated to play a role in the anti-inflammatory effect of elemental diet. AIM: To determine whether elemental diet or its modifications has a direct anti-inflammatory effect on colonic tissue biopsies in vitro. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Colonic or ileal biopsies from 39 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and control patients were incubated for 24 hours with enteral diets in which nitrogen sources were amino acids as in elemental diet, casein or whey. Tissues were incubated with elemental diet, casein or whey, at dilutions of 1:5, 1:10 or 1:20 in Waymouth's complete medium; a medium control was also included. Tissue viability was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake. Interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-10 concentrations in supernatants were measured by immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS: Incubation of tissues from Crohn's disease with elemental diet resulted in an increase in the ratio of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist/interleukin-1beta vs control statistically significant at 1:10 (89.6+/-17 vs 45.7+/-9. 1, p<0.05). Incubation of Crohn's tissue with casein resulted in a significant increase of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist/interleukin-1beta ratio at dilutions 1:20, 1:10 and 1:5 (101.8+/-22.0, p=0.05, 142.8+/-24.6, p<0.05; 109.7+/-25.0, p=0.05). In ulcerative colitis tissue and non-inflamed non-inflammatory bowel disease control tissue, no significant increase in interleukin 1 receptor antagonist/interleukin-1beta ratio was seen after incubation with elemental diet, casein and whey. CONCLUSION: Elemental diet incubation increases anti-inflammatory:proinflammatory cytokine ratio in Crohn's disease and this anti-inflammatory effect is not specifically due to amino acid composition, as diets containing casein have similar anti-inflammatory effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Jugular venous emboli of brain tissue induced in sheep by the use of captive bolt guns.

Emboli of central nervous tissue were detected in the jugular venous blood of two of 15 sheep stunned with a conventional cartridge-operated captive bolt gun and in two of 15 sheep stunned with a pneumatically activated gun. No emboli were detected in arterial blood from these sheep or in venous blood from sheep stunned electrically. Emboli from an animal with BSE could transmit the disease to people.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Methods for detection of haematogenous dissemination of brain tissue after stunning of cattle with captive bolt guns.

Because of concern that the stunning of cattle with captive bolt guns (CBGs) could, if used on an animal with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cause embolism of infective brain tissue and carcass contamination, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries commissioned research to assess the risk of haematogenous dissemination of CNS material after stunning. We have devised two methods to investigate this risk. The first involves the concentration of embolic tissue in buffy coat Cytoblocks that can be embedded for sectioning, microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The second method is an ELISA for the presynaptic protein, syntaxin 1B. The methods were validated by analysis of several bovine tissues, including blood samples deliberately contaminated with brain. We then studied jugular venous blood obtained before and after the stunning of 60 cattle with CBGs. Samples obtained, after stunning, from five of the cattle contained CNS tissue within the Cytoblocks and yielded positive syntaxin assays. Syntaxin was also detected in samples from one other animal that had been stunned with a pneumatically operated CBG. The described methods should allow an assessment of the risk of neuroembolism associated with different types of CBG and may also be useful in other contexts.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Ulcerative colitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cholangitis, Sclerosing↗
PubMed1999

Dysphagia in oesophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis: fibrosis, dysmotility or web?

We describe two cases of oesophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis associated with a cervical oesophageal web presenting as intermittent dysphagia. In both cases, disruption of the web endoscopically resulted in lasting relief from symptoms. This observation, together with a review of the literature written during the past 39 years, suggests that oesophageal web formation may be under-reported in this condition and may be more important than either dysmotility or submucosal fibrosis and stricturing in the aetiology of the dysphagia seen in these patients. All patients with a radiological diagnosis of oesophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis should have an endoscopic examination which may be both diagnostic and potentially therapeutic.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Palliation of a malignant gastrocolic fistula by endoscopic human fibrin sealant injection.

We report the case of a female patient with Hodgkin's disease resistant to therapy who developed a gastrocolic fistula as a consequence of her disease, leading to distressing faeculent vomiting. This was not considered to be amenable to surgical resection and her symptoms were successfully palliated endoscopically using injection of human fibrin sealant into the gastric and colonic aspect of the fistula tract. Both mechanical sealing and promotion of healing by human fibrin sealant are likely to be responsible for its efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Selective reduction of quisqualate (AMPA) receptors in Alzheimer cerebellum.

Multiple sites involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission were examined in the cerebellar cortex of 6 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 6 age-matched control patients by using quantitative ligand-binding autoradiography. Quisqualate (AMPA) receptor binding was markedly reduced in the molecular layer of the cerebellum from patients with Alzheimer's disease (167 +/- 13 pmoles/gm) compared with control patients (280 +/- 13 pmoles/gm). In adjacent sections from the same patients and controls, there was preservation of kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor binding in the cerebellum from patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with control patients. Neuropathological examination of the cerebellar cortex revealed the presence of plaques and preservation of Purkinje cells in the patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗