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Biomedical subjects

A Shiino

Publications and source records attributed to A Shiino.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sequential changes of cerebral blood flow after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

A total of 226 measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were performed in 96 postoperative patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The global CBF was significantly reduced in the first week after SAH, and the extent of the CBF reduction was less in the patients with good outcome than in those with fair/poor outcome. The good outcome patients showed a progressive increase in CBF in the following 3 weeks. Although the CBF decreased further in the second week in some of those patients, it turned to a steady increase thereafter. On the other hand, in the fair/poor outcome patients CBF remained far below the normal control value for at least 3 months after SAH. When looking into the effect of age on CBF in the patients with good outcome, those in their thirties and forties had a significantly reduced CBF during the first 2 weeks, whereas in those in their fifties and sixties a significant reduction persisted for 3 months to 1 year after SAH. Management of the older patients needs special attention even if they are apparently in good clinical condition, since the CBF threshold to ischaemia is diminished.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental studies on pharmacologic protection of the brain against focal ischemia. 1. Focal brain ischemia model in rats].

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats is being used increasingly widely as an experimental model of focal brain ischemia. However, the incidence of infarction or the size of infarction is variable. As a preliminary study we examined the anatomical variations of branching of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the incidence and extent of infarction and the time course of neurologic deficits following occlusion of the MCA at various sites in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Variations of branching of the MCA were closely observed in 91 rats (49 SD rats and 42 SHR). In two-thirds, the olfactory branch was single and arose from the MCA proximal to the medial border of the olfactory tract. In a small number of rats, the olfactory branch was single, but it arose at or near the lateral border of the olfactory tract, or two olfactory branches arose at both medial and lateral borders of the olfactory tract. The lateral or the tandem occlusion group caused infarction of the pallium in only one of 7 rats. Neurologic deficit was also minimal and transient and the size of infarction was small in the lateral occlusion group. In the tandem occlusion group, neurologic deficit was more severe, but it was still transient. The branch occlusion group and the ICV group caused large infarction of the pallium with moderate neurologic deficits in 5 of 8, and 6 of 8 rats, respectively. The medial occlusion group caused infarction in the pallium and/or basal ganglia in 5 of 6 rats, and neurologic deficits were severe and persistent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental studies on pharmacologic protection of the brain against focal ischemia. 2. Effects of KB-2796 and nicardipine on focal brain ischemia in rats].

It has been proposed that calcium overload triggers neuronal cell damage in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. In this study, the effects of calcium antagonists, KB-2796 and nicardipine, on neurologic deficits and size of the infarction were studied in the rat middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model. Neurologic deficits were evaluated from 1 to 24 hours after occlusion of the MCA, using a grading system of Bederson et al. At 24 hours post-occlusion, the brain was removed, sliced coronally, and stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Size of the infarction was measured by computerized image analysis system. KB-2796 (10 mg/kg) or nicardipine (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered immediately after occlusion of the MCA. In the KB-2796-treated group, the neurologic deficits were much improved and the size of infarction was significantly smaller, but in the nicardipine-treated group improvement was modest and did not reach the level of statistical significance. The neurologic improvement was observed in the group where KB-2796 was given at 3 hours post-occlusion but the size of infarction was unchanged. The results in the present study seem to indicate that the calcium antagonists could improve focal cerebral ischemia when administered in early stage of ischemia, and that such effect is more significant with KB-2796 probably because of its higher selectivity to the cerebral vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of a novel calcium antagonist, KB-2796, on neurologic outcome and size of experimental cerebral infarction in rats.

Effects of a novel calcium 2+ antagonist, KB-2796, on neurologic outcome and size of infarction were studied in the rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Neurologic deficits were examined from 1 to 24 hours after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and size of infarction was measured at 24 hours postocclusion. When KB-2796 (10 mg/kg, IP) was given immediately after, or 1 hour after, middle cerebral artery occlusion, marked improvement in neurologic score was seen 1 to 3 hours postocclusion. When given immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion, size of infarction was also markedly smaller when compared with the control rat. The present study suggests that the calcium 2+ antagonist KB-2796 has brain-protective effects against ischemia even with its administration after induction of ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Focal brain ischemia model in rats. An experimental study.

Using 74 male rats, anatomical variations of branching of the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery were studied. In 36 rats (28 Sprague-Dawley rats and eight spontaneously hypertensive rats), the middle cerebral artery and/or its branches were occluded at various sites. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery at the lateral border of the olfactory tract with or without simultaneous ligation of the ipsilateral common carotid artery rarely caused cerebral infarction in Sprague-Dawley rats. Occlusion of the olfactory branch in addition to the trunk of the middle cerebral artery caused large infarction of the pallium in five of eight Sprague-Dawley rats. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery at the medial border of the olfactory tract caused infarction in the pallium and/or basal ganglia in five of six rats, and neurologic deficits were severe and persistent. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery at the lateral border of the olfactory tract in spontaneously hypertensive rats caused large infarction with severe neurologic deficits in all eight animals. Possible factors responsible for such diverse differences and the relative value of each group as an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A case of Candida albicans skin abscess associated with intravenous catheterization.

We report a case of Candida albicans skin abscess, which developed on the left knee of a 59-year-old male, who had been bedridden for the past 2 months because of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The route of the infection was considered to be an intravenous catheter that had been inserted into the left great saphenous vein at the medial malleolus. The prolonged systemic administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids, as well as prostration, were suspected to be the factors that led to the infection. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous miconazole and subsequent high-dose oral amphotericin B therapy.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

[Hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Diagnosis of hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been facilitated by CT, but the true incidence and pathogenesis of the condition remain to be clarified. Extent of ventricular dilatation does not necessarily correlate with clinical symptoms and the indication of shunting operation is by no means definite. Consecutive 117 patients with ruptured aneurysm were retrospectively studied for possible factor(s) for development of hydrocephalus in the chronic stage. The incidence of chronic hydrocephalus was found to be high in those patients with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, those harboring acute hydrocephalus, those admitted with higher clinical grades, those showing thick clots and gyral enhancement on initial CT, and those who received tranexamic acid in excess of 30 g.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Rupture of previously unruptured giant carotid aneurysm after superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery bypass and internal carotid occlusion.

A 51-year-old woman with an unruptured giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery was treated by gradual occlusion of the internal carotid artery in the neck combined with a superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass graft. Visual field defects improved after the operation, and thrombosis of the aneurysm was confirmed by angiography and computed tomography. Nevertheless, a fatal hemorrhage occurred 34 days after the final turn of the Selverstone clamp. The possible mechanism of rupture of the apparently thrombosed aneurysm is discussed. There is a risk of rupture of the aneurysm as long as the aneurysmal lumen remains after proximal ligation, no matter how small it may be.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic adenocarcinoma presenting as a homogeneously high density mass on CT.

We report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the brain that appeared as a homogeneously hyperdense mass on CT. The lesion was initially diagnosed as an intracerebral hematoma. On serial CT scans, the high density lesion progressively enlarged. Pathology showed coagulation necrosis without hemorrhage or calcification. Analysis of the tumor revealed elevation of the protein content relative to the normal brain. We conclude that the high CT attenuation was due to the elevated protein content.

Adenocarcinoma↗