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Biomedical subjects

A Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to A Shimada.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Experimental and clinical studies on the intraperitoneal administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) for peritoneal carcinomatosis caused by gastric cancers.

The effectiveness of the intraperitoneal administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) on peritoneal carcinomatosis caused by gastric cancers was evaluated. Seventeen patients were treated with one of three protocols, consisting of the intraperitoneal injection (ip) of DDP at doses of 70 and 110 mg/m2, with or without sodium thiosulfate (STS) rescue. The area under the curve (AUC) of DDP for sufficient anticancer activities against cultured human cell lines in vitro was estimated at 240 micrograms h/ml, which was equivalent to the AUC gained by 110 mg/m2 ip DDP in the clinical studies. The cytotoxic activity of DDP was reduced by approximately 50% with 100-fold STS in the AUC in the experimental studies. However, this was achieved only in urine, and not in either the peritoneal cavity or in plasma in the clinical studies. Three cases of a partial response against peritoneal carcinomatosis were seen from a total of four evaluable cases treated with 110 mg/m2 DDP, and no renal toxicities were observed in those treated with the STS rescue. The results of this study led us to conclude that high-dose ip DDP treatment combined with the STS rescue would be useful chemotherapy against peritoneal carcinomatosis caused by gastric cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The role of cytotoxic macrophages in non-obese diabetic mice: cytotoxicity against murine mastocytoma and beta-cell lines.

The cytotoxicity of macrophages from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice against murine mastocytoma (P-815), and murine beta-cell lines having the NOD gene background (MIN6N-9a), were examined. Peritoneal exudate cells from 20-week-old mice showed higher cytotoxicity, measured as inhibition of thymidine uptake into P-815, than those from 12-week-old mice (p < 0.01). In cyclophosphamide-injected mice, cytotoxicity of peritoneal exudate cells had increased at 8 days post-injection, at which time the mice were not diabetic. To confirm macrophage cytotoxicity against pancreatic cells and examine its cytolytic mechanism, the cytotoxicity of peritoneal exudate cells from cyclophosphamide-injected NOD mice against MIN6N-9a cells was measured by the chromium release assay. These peritoneal exudate cells showed higher cytotoxicity as compared to those of saline-injected mice (p < 0.001). Macrophages were demonstrated to be the major component of peritoneal exudate cells (50%) by flowcytometric analyses. Cytotoxicity increased with macrophage enrichment by adhesion (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a macrophage toxin, silica, completely blocked the cytotoxicity (p < 0.001). Cytokines (interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor) and a nitric-oxide-producing vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, were cytotoxic to MIN6N-9a cells but only sodium nitroprusside showed cytotoxicity when incubated for the same period as peritoneal exudate cells. Thus, macrophages play an important role in beta-cell destruction and soluble factors other than cytokines (e.g. nitric oxide) may be mediators of this early cytolytic process.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Detection of heat shock protein in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We have investigated whether antibodies to heat shock protein (hsp) 65 are present in sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by using Mycobacterium leprae hsp65. Fifty-two sera from patients with IDDM, 36 from patients with unclassified insulin-treated diabetes mellitus and 41 from normal healthy controls were examined by ELISA assay. Seventeen (32.7%) out of 52 IDDM sera and 10 (27.8%) out of unclassified insulin-treated diabetic sera were positive for anti-Mycobacterium (anti-M. leprae) hsp65 antibodies while none of the healthy control sera were positive. Based on western blot analysis, 12 of the 17 IDDM sera and 1 of 2 sera from the unclassified insulin-treated diabetics were positive for anti-M.leprae hsp65 antibodies while all normal control sera were negative. These results support the idea that hsp65 may play a role in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the role of hsp65 in the pathogenesis of IDDM.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

Cutaneous papillomatosis associated with papillomavirus infection in a dog.

A 7-year-old female Kerry blue terrier dog developed 20 cutaneous nodules, up to 4 mm in diameter, over the body. Light and electron microscopy demonstrated that they were virus-associated inverted papillomas and they are described because canine skin viral papillomas have not been frequently reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Practical application of fluorescence-based image analyzer for PCR single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis used in detection of multiple point mutations.

We present a practical application of polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) using a fluorescence-based image analyzer. Fluorescence-labeled primers were used to amplify target sequences. After nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a conventional sequencing gel apparatus, the glass plate was directly transferred from the gel box to the image analyzer. High-quality computer storage of the imaging data allowed the image intensity to be quantified over a wide range. Various data bases can be constructed on the basis of this imaging data. This system is suitable for use in clinical examination settings, and its application, to detect ras gene mutations in human pancreatic cancer specimens, is presented.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Antitumor protein-containing polysaccharides from a Chinese mushroom Fengweigu or Houbitake, Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Sings.

Protein-containing polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies of a Chinese fungus named Feng Wei Gu, were fractionated and purified, and their antitumor activities were tested, out of which the following active fractions were obtained. FIo-a: A protein-containing xyloglucan, MW 280,000, polysaccharide: protein = 76:24 (w/w), polysaccharide consisting of Man:Gal:Xyl:Glc = 2:12:42:42 (molar ratio). [alpha]D23 + 25.3 degrees. FA-2: A protein-containing mannogalactan, MW 120,000, polysaccharide: protein = 76:16 (w/w), consisting of Xyl:Man:Gal = 9:35:56 (molar ratio), [alpha]D23 + 98.5 degrees. FII-1: A Protein-containing xylan (62:21 w/w). MW 200,000, [alpha]D23 + 8.7 degrees. FIII-1a: A protein-containing glucoxylan (15:71 w/w), [alpha]D23 + 30.7 degrees, MW 90,000, consisting of Glc:Xyl = 40:44 (molar ratio). FIII-2a: A protein-containing xyloglucan, MW 70,000, polysaccharide:protein = 69:3 (w/w), polysaccharide consisting of Xyl:Glc = 36:62 (molar ratio). [alpha]D23 + 38.6 degrees.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in porcine eustachitis.

Pathologic study of the ear was performed on 179 young swine, ranging in age from 1 day to 18.6 weeks. Histologically, eustachitis was the most common and its inflammatory reaction appeared to precede otitis. Immunohistochemically, Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) antigens were detected on the luminal surface of the auditory epithelia in 19 of 179 cases (10.6%). All the cases, positive for Mhr antigens, were associated with an acute eustachitis. Ultrastructural examination of two piglets confirmed these immunohistochemical data. The present results indicate that Mhr may be a primary cause of acute eustachitis in young swine.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Adrenal myelolipoma: comparison of diagnostic imaging and pathological findings.

Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare, benign, nonfunctioning lesion consisting of fat and bone marrow elements in varying proportions. This tumor is commonly asymptomatic and usually discovered during various diagnostic imaging examinations performed for unrelated diseases. If a primary malignant or metastatic adrenal tumor cannot be excluded, ultrasound- or computed tomography-guided needle biopsy of the tumor is necessary. We report a case of adrenal myelolipoma associated with advanced gastric carcinoma and compare the diagnostic imaging findings with the pathological findings of the adrenal myelolipoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Basic studies on visible light-cured resin as a denture base. Part 17. Transverse and tensile strengths of repaired denture base resin using a trial repair resin.

Trial production of a visible light-cured repair resin (powder/liquid type, TPL) as a denture base resin was carried out using cyclophosphazene monomer, and then the transverse and tensile strengths of the repaired specimens were examined. As a control, Triad Gel (TRI) was used. In the transverse strength test, TPL showed values of 507-470 kgf/cm2, which were about double those of TRI. As for tensile strength, TPL showed values of 329-268 kgf/cm2, and higher values were obtained in comparison with TRI, especially after 30 days of water immersion, when the values were doubled. The durability of TPL was favorable in comparison with TRI.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1993

Immature teratoma of the uterine fundus.

An exceedingly rare case of extragonadal immature teratoma, which occurred primarily in the uterus, is described. The tumor developed into the pelvic cavity from the uterine fundus and consisted of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal derivatives. There were also significant amounts of immature elements; immature neuroepithelium with brisk mitotic activity, immature mesenchymal tissue, immature cartilage, immature striated muscle and immature hepatic tissue. Histologically, it was classified as a grade 3 immature teratoma. Treatment consisted of total simple hysterectomy followed by 2 courses of combination chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide (VAC). The patient was well and without evidence of recurrence at 5 years post-operatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Genetic analysis of murine senile amyloidosis.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that not only the genotypes of apolipoprotein A-II, the precursor protein of murine senile amyloid fibrils, but also other genetic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of murine senile amyloidosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the mode of inheritance of murine senile amyloidosis, using 12-month-old and 14-month-old F1, F2 hybrids and backcrosses between SAM-P/1 and SAM-R/1. In SAM-P/1, the senescence process is accelerated and senile amyloidosis is evident, whereas in SAM-R/1, there is a normal aging process and no evidence of senile amyloidosis. In SAM-P/1 and SAM-R/1, the genotypes of apolipoprotein A-II are Gln/Gln and Pro/Pro, respectively, identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-II gene for the restriction enzyme Cfr13I. RESULTS: Among hybrids and backcrosses, no senile amyloidosis was observed histopathologically, in Pro/Pro-type strains. Mild senile amyloidosis sparing the liver and spleen was observed in a significant percentage of Pro/Gln-type strains. Practical senile amyloidosis involving the liver and spleen was observed in all of the Gln/Gln-type strains. Quantitative fluorometric analysis with thioflavine T (Naiki H, Higuchi K, Matsushima K, Shimada A, Chen W-H, Hosokawa M, et al. Lab Invest 1990;62:768-73) revealed that the degree of murine senile amyloid fibril deposition was significantly decreased in the Gln/Gln-type hybrid and backcross strains, as compared with findings in SAM-P/1 and the degree of manifestation of accelerated senescence was significantly lower in the Gln/Gln-type hybrid and backcross strains than in the SAM-P/1. CONCLUSIONS: Murine senile amyloidosis is linked to the molecular type of apolipoprotein A-II (i.e., Gln-type apolipoprotein A-II), and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance. The severity of murine senile amyloidosis is far more advanced in Gln/Gln-type strains than in Pro/Gln-type strains. Other genetic factors that determine the manifestation of accelerated senescence, may significantly contribute to the degree of murine senile amyloidosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

[Intraperitoneal administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) for peritoneal carcinomatosis caused by gastric cancers].

The effectiveness of the intraperitoneal administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) for peritoneal carcinomatosis by gastric cancers was evaluated through experimental and clinical studies. In experimental studies, the effect of sodium thiosulfate (STS) on cytotoxic activity of DDP was evaluated by MTT assay using human gastric cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of DDP was reduced by 50% with 100-fold STS in the area under the curve (AUC), whereas 10-fold STS in AUC did not reduce the cytotoxicity of DDP. In clinical studies, patients were treated with one of three protocols: Group A was treated by the intraperitoneal injection (ip) of DDP at a dose of 70 mg/m2, and group B or C was treated by ip DDP at a dose of 110 mg/m2 with or without STS rescue. The pharmacodynamics and the adverse effects of treatments were evaluated between these three protocols. In group C, the means of AUC of STS were 2.43-, 10.8- and 86.8-fold those of total platinum in the peritoneal cavity, plasma, and urine, respectively. There were 1/5, 1/2 and 2/2 partial responses in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients treated with A, B and C. Renal toxicity was not observed in the patients treated with DDP and STS rescue. STS does not seem to reduce the antitumor activity of DDP in peritoneal cavity and plasma, while the renal cytotoxicity was reduced by STS rescue. The result led us to conclude that intraperitoneal DDP treatment combined with STS rescue would be useful chemotherapy against peritoneal carcinomatosis by gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Beta/A4 proteinlike immunoreactive granular structures in the brain of senescence-accelerated mouse.

The immunohistochemical localization of amyloid beta/A4 protein in the senescence-accelerated mouse brain was studied using six different antisera against human amyloid precursor protein peptides. beta/A4 proteinlike immunoreactivity was observed in the form of granular structures (beta-LIGS) in various regions, including the medial septum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and some cranial nerve roots. beta-LIGS were 1.5 to 2.5 mu in diameter and irregularly shaped. They increased significantly in number with aging, predominantly in animals with a phenotype of age-related deterioration of memory and learning abilities. Congo red and thioflavine S did not stain the granules. On immunoblots, the main immunoreactive bands were observed at 14 to 18 kd. The staining intensities of these bands also increased with advancing age. We consider that beta-LIGS are not only a new morphological manifestation of senescence in mice, but also a pertinent clue in understanding the mechanisms of amyloid deposition.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Disconnected optic axons persist in the visual pathway during regeneration of the retino-tectal projection in the frog.

In this study, we crushed one optic nerve in the frog Litoria (Hyla) moorei and at intervals thereafter anterogradely labelled optic axons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). For one series, HRP was applied between the eye and the crush site and in a second series between the crush site and the chiasm. A tectal projection of regenerating axons was seen in both series but, in addition, up to 12 weeks post-crush, the second series displayed an additional projection. Its appearance matched that of the disconnected, but persisting, optic axon terminals which are found after enucleation or optic nerve ligation. We conclude that, in the frog, many disconnected optic axons persist throughout the period of optic nerve regeneration and of restoration of an orderly retino-tectal map.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Necrotic colitis associated with Entamoeba histolytica infection in a cat.

A 3-year-old Persian cat developed bloody diarrhoea. On histological examination, a marked necrotic colitis with a large number of invading protozoan parasites was observed. The protozoan was identified as Entamoeba histolytica by light and electron microscopy. This is the first report describing spontaneous amoebiasis in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Detection of gamma-ray-induced DNA damages in malformed dominant lethal embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using AP-PCR fingerprinting.

Adult male fish of the medaka HNI strain exposed to 9.5 Gy or 19 Gy (0.95 Gy/min) of gamma-rays were mated with non-irradiated female fish of the Hd-rR strain. Genomic DNA was prepared from malformed individual embryos which were expected to be dominant lethal and used for AP-PCR fingerprinting. By the use of a part of the T3 promoter sequence (20 mer), which, to our knowledge, is not found in the medaka genome as an arbitrary primer, we found polymorphisms in genomic fingerprints which could distinguish the parental strains. On the other hand, we found that the fingerprints of F1 hybrids were the sum of those of their parents. Based on these findings, we analyzed the fingerprints of genomic DNA of each severely malformed embryo, because we expect that radiation-induced genomic damages resulting in severe malformation and eventually in dominant lethals should be detected as changes in paternal fingerprints of F1 hybrids. Indeed, we succeeded in detecting changes in genomic DNA as loss of some paternal bands in fingerprints of malformed embryos. One of 10 malformed embryos obtained from 9.5 Gy gamma-irradiated males had lost one band of the paternal origin and 4 of 12 malformed embryos obtained from 19 Gy gamma-irradiated males had lost 5 bands. These results indicated a possibility that quantitative as well as qualitative estimation of gamma-ray-induced DNA damages can be made by this method which does not require the functional selection based on a specific target gene.

Alleles↗