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Biomedical subjects

A Shkolnik

Publications and source records attributed to A Shkolnik.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Fetal cranial and craniocervical masses: ultrasound characteristics and differential diagnosis.

Ultrasound is assuming an essential role in the detection of fetal cranial and spinal anomalies. Illustrated in this article is the sonographic appearance of cranial abnormalities wherein the diagnosis of encephalocele is clear cut because the anatomic defect of the neural tube is visualized. Additionally presented is a variety of cranial and craniocervical cystic masses, including meningocele, wherein the anatomic defect of the neural tube is not apparent and the diagnosis is reached by careful attention to the specific ultrasonic characteristics of each mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Genetic amniocentesis in twin gestations.

Among 1,613 women studied with routine ultrasonography prior to genetic amniocentesis at Northwestern University Medical School, 25 of 26 multiple gestations were detected. Sampling of fluid from both amniotic sacs was requested by 20 women with twin gestations in which both fetuses were ultrasonographically determined to be viable and of normal size. Fluid was obtained successfully from both amniotic sacs in 19 of 20 cases. The conclusions are that (1) twin gestations can be reliably detected by the use of routine ultrasonography, (2) both amniotic sacs can usually be sampled, and (3) the complication rate appears to be minimal to the patient and the fetuses, although the sample size is still small.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

Aberrant (ectopic) adrenocortical tissue along the spermatic cord.

Aberrant adrenocortical tissue along the spermatic cord is a far more common finding than has previously been reported. During a period of 12 consecutive months, 360 children, aged 13 days to 13 yr, underwent 386 operations for common inguinoscrotal pathology at the Soroka Medical Center. In 12 cases ectopic adreno-cortical tissue was found along the spermatic cord, an overall incidence of 3.8%. None was found in females. Considering the group operated upon for undescended testis, in which by nature of the procedure the spermatic cord was dissected throughout its length, the frequency of ectopic adrenal tissue found rose to 9.3%, the highest figure cited for this location. The nature of aberrant adrenocortical tissue is briefly discussed, including its embryology, histology, and clinical implications. It usually appears as an incidental finding during surgery. Its removal is indicated whenever found although no special attempt should be made to search for it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy in the pediatric patient.

Percutaneous nephrostomy drainage may be established rapidly using ultrasonic guidance in severely ill pediatric patients with obstructive uropathy. B-mode ultrasonography has proved to be rapid, accurate and free of irradiation hazards, making it applicable to children with little or no sedation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Blood-gas properties and function in the fossorial mole rat under normal and hypoxic-hypercapnic atmospheric conditions.

Blood and tissue gas exchange properties of mole rats in normoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic conditions were compared to the common mammalian pattern. RBC count was 14.0 +/- 1.2-10(6)/microliter. Hb concentration was 15.0 +/- 0.4g/100 ml. P50 (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C) was 29.5 +/- 0.5 mm Hg. Oxygen capacity averaged 20.2 +/- 0.4 vol% and the Hill coefficient was 2.9 +/- 0.1. The Bohr effect was -0.53 +/- 0.02 (deltalog P/deltapH). The temperature coefficient was 0.0152 +/- 0.0014 (deltalog P/delta degrees C). The Haldane effect was 4.8 +/- 0.5 (deltaCCO2 vol%)at PCO2 =40 mm Hg. Steady-state partial pressures in gas pockets were PO2 = 15.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg and PCO2 = 85.8 +/- 3.9 mm Hg in normoxia, and 11.5 +/- 3.0 and 101.8 +/- 3.5 repectively in hypoxia-hypercapnia (PIO2 congruent to 85 mm Hg). Under the same conditions 2,3-DPG dropped from 0.87 and 0.88 to 0.62 and 0.65 (mol/mol Hb) in the rat and in the white rat, respectively. Heart muscle myoglobin concentration of the mole rat (1.44 mg/g) did not differ significantly from that of the white rat (1.96 mg/g), whereas masseter myoglobin was 4.0 mg/g--significantly different from the rat (1.21 mg/g). Results indicate that the strategy used by the mole rat to maintain a normal metabolic rate under variable atmospheric conditions, besides having high oxygen affinity, is to expand the physiological range of the oxygen dissociation curve to very low oxygen tensions, at the expense of its acid-base regulation. The regulation of the shape of the oxygen dissociation curve is discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

Visualization of the lateral edge of the liver in ascites.

Medial displacement of the liver was observed in 35 cases of ascites using plain radiographs, total-body opacification, tomography, radionuclide imaging, peritoneography, and/or ultrasonography. In 16 cases the displaces liver was seen on plain radiographs. Separation of the liver and kidney was seen on ultrasonograms in every case; it was increased by addition of increments of fluid in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Since the liver is surrounded by fluid, an interface between it and the extraperitoneal fat cannot account for the displacement seen on plain radiographs: rather, this is the result of a difference in density between liver and fluid.

Ascites↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and radiographic considerations of sacrococcygeal teratomas: an analysis of 26 new cases and review of the literature.

Teratomas develop most frequently in the sacrococcygeum and are often diagnosed by simple observation. Most sacrococcygeal teratomas are benign, and evident in the newborn. Females are affected four times more often than males, but affected males are more likely to have malignant tumors. Benign teratomas are generally noninvasive, cystic, and contain calcifications. Surgery is the primary, usually curative treatment, although malignant tumors can be treated effectively only by early diagnosis and removal. Twenty-six cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma were reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

B-mode ultrasound and the nonvisualizing kidney in pediatrics.

Ultrasonic definition of the kidney is independent of renal function and therefore capable of imaging impaired or dysplastic renal tissue, In 28 cases, B-mode scanning delineated one or both kidneys which failed to visualize during intravenous pyelography. Similar imaging of both kidneys was obtained in 10 cases of renal failure in which intravenous pyelography was not attempted. The presence and relative severity of hydronephrosis was established. In three cases of multicystic kidney, a diagnostic appearance was elicited. In these instances, in one additional case of renal dysplasia, and in three cases of severe obstructive uropathy, sonography provided the only presurgical definition of the abnormal kidney. Suspected kidney enlargement was rapidly confirmed in a case of renal vein thrombosis and excluded in a case of chronic renal failure. In both instances hydronephrosis was excluded. In 12 of the 38 cases, ultrasonic guidance was utilized for percutaneous renal biopsy.

Child↗