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Biomedical subjects

A Sibbald

Publications and source records attributed to A Sibbald.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Antipyretic effects of dipyrone versus ibuprofen versus acetaminophen in children: results of a multinational, randomized, modified double-blind study.

This study compared the antipyretic effectiveness of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and dipyrone in young children with fever. The results were based on a modified double-blind, randomized, multinational trial that evaluated 628 febrile children, aged 6 months to 6 years. All three drugs lowered temperature in the 555 patients completing the study. Temperature normalization rates in the ibuprofen and dipyrone groups (78% and 82%, respectively) were significantly higher than the acetaminophen group (68%, P = 0.004). After 4 to 6 hours, mean temperature in the dipyrone group was significantly lower than the other groups, demonstrating longer temperature normalization with dipyrone. All three drugs showed comparable tolerability profiles.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Simultaneous on-line measurement of blood K+, Ca2+, Na+, and pH with a four-function ChemFET integrated-circuit sensor.

On-line, simultaneous measurement of blood K+, Ca2+, Na+, and pH has been achieved by using a quadruple-function ChemFET (chemical-sensitive field-effect transistor) integrated-circuit sensor. Blood is withdrawn from the subject through an actively heparinized, dual-lumen cannula and passed into a flow-cell containing the sensor, in alternation with a calibration solution. A minicomputer controls the analysis system, logs data, and provides a continuous, graphic display of K+ and pH values.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1981

Control of postoperative pain by interactive demand analgesia.

A demand analgesia apparatus is described. It communicates with the patient by means of spoken messages in any desired language, so that preliminary instruction is unnecessary. Dosage is limited by a reduction in respiratory rate, and by a series of electronic fail-safe circuits. Operation of the system is illustrated in a series of 10 patients given fentanyl "on demand" for the first 12 h after operation. The mean dose rate 0.73 +/- 0.49 microgram min-1. There was no evidence of cumulation or tolerance during the period of study.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1980

Fazadinium and pancuronium: a pharmacodynamic study.

The neuromuscular blocking characteristics of fazadinium and pancuronium were compared using a general pharmacodynamic model. Since it characterizes the overall relationship between dose and effect, the model can be used to determine precisely equipotent doses, compare time-effect curves, and reconcile the apparently inconsistent clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two drugs. Fazadinium was shown to have a shorter duration than pancuronium, and appeared to exhibit less variation between subjects. The potency ratio varied between 3.4 : 1 and 7.2 : 1, depending upon the definition chosen. A general solution for the three-compartment open mammillary model, following any set of initial conditions if presented as an appendix. These equations allow explicit computation of any pattern of drug incrementation into any compartment of the model.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A pharmacodynamic model for pancuronium.

It has been demonstrated that a simple two-compartment kinetic model may account for the changes in plasma concentration of pancuronium after i.v. administration. However, it can be shown that this simple model does not account satisfactory for the observed changes in muscle twitch response. By the addition of a receptor (biophase) compartment, twitch response can be reconciled with model behavior and the characteristics resemble those predicted by animal studies. The complete model is applied to the problem of total renal failure, and shows that patients with this condition are likely to be marginally resistant to small doses of pancuronium, with a normal rate of recovery. However, larger doses are likely to result in delayed recovery, the duration of effect increasing in a dose-dependent manner.

Adult↗