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Biomedical subjects

A Simsir

Publications and source records attributed to A Simsir.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Analysis of fatal pulmonary hantaviral infection in New York by reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the histological distribution of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified hantaviral cDNA in three cases of fatal hantaviral infection that occurred 2 years ago in Long Island, NY. The three otherwise healthy patients had a rapid death characterized by fever and pulmonary failure and were identified from the autopsy files at University Hospital, Stony Brook. Six autopsy controls with either no pulmonary disease (three) or fatal pneumonitis of known etiology (three) were also studied. PCR-amplified hantaviral cDNA was detected in the lung tissue of the three cases and none of the six controls using the reverse transcriptase in situ PCR technique. In the positive cases, viral RNA was detected in approximately 20% of pneumocytes and alveolar endothelial cells as determined with a consensus and Four Corners-specific primer pair. Infected endothelial cells were identified in a wide variety of other sites, but at rates much lower than in the lungs. The selective localization of the viral RNA in many pneumocytes and pulmonary endothelial cells using a highly sensitive PCR-based test demonstrates a correlation between direct viral infection in the lung and the disease process.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Correlation of the in situ detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified metalloproteinase complementary DNAs and their inhibitors with prognosis in cervical carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 mRNAs, detected in serial sections using the reverse transcriptase in situ PCR technique, with prognosis in 23 cases of cervical carcinoma. PCR-amplified MMP and TIMP cDNA were restricted to the invasive cancers cells and the surrounding stromal cells. The ratios of cancer and stromal cells expressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 to those expressing TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were approximately 1 in those cancers with a good prognosis. This MMP:TIMP ratio in the cancer and stromal cells with a poor prognosis was significantly increased to 5.4 and 3.4 (P < 0.0001), respectively, reflecting a marked reduction in the TIMP detection rate in cancers with a poor prognosis. In cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa, the MMP:TIMP ratio was also close to 1 and, interestingly, these cell lines are invasive but rarely metastatic in nude mice. These data suggest that the balance of MMP-9 and MMP-2 to TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression is an essential factor in the aggressiveness of cervical cancer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

HIV-1 nucleic acids localize to the spermatogonia and their progeny. A study by polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization.

The purpose of this study was to determine the histological distribution of in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified HIV-1 nucleic acids in the male genital tract to elucidate the mechanism of sexual transmission of AIDS. Viral DNA was detected in the testicular tissue of 11 of 12 men with HIV-1 infection using the PCR in situ hybridization technique. The amplified viral DNA localized to many spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and rare spermatids. Relatively few viral infected macrophages were noted, mostly in the prostate. The viral infection was activated given the presence of cDNA sequences consistent with genomic and multiple spliced transcripts as determined by reverse transcription in situ PCR. PCR-amplified viral nucleic acids were not detected in the epithelial of the prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicles, or penis in men with AIDS nor in any genital tract tissues from three boys who died of AIDS acquired in utero. The demonstration that HIV-1 selectively infects the spermatogonia and their progeny suggests that this may serve as a primary source of venereal spread of the virus. Concomitant destruction of these cells by HIV-1 may also explain the marked inhibition of spermatogenesis and severe atrophy that characterizes the testes in AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repeat cervical cytology at the time of colposcopy. Is there an added benefit?

OBJECTIVE: To determine if repeating the Pap smear (PS) at colposcopy offers added benefit in the detection of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). STUDY DESIGN: Eight hundred fifty-two women were subjects of this study. Patients with cervical SIL were defined as women with SIL on the repeat PS, or SIL on the colposcopic cervical biopsy (bx) or a negative repeat PS and bx but confirmed SIL on both the previous and follow-up PS or bx. The sensitivities of repeat PS and bx in detecting SIL were calculated. The chi 2 test was used to assess statistical significance. The total cost of repeating the PS was calculated by multiplying the total number of patients (852) by the estimated cost of a single PS ($25). RESULTS: The sensitivities of repeat PS, bx and PS/bx combined were .89, .69 and .92 for low grade SIL (LSIL) and .74, .77 and .98 for high grade SIL (HSIL), respectively (P < .0001). Sixteen percent of the HSIL and 28% of the LSIL cases were diagnosed on repeat PS only (negative bx). If repeat PS was omitted, $21,300 would have been saved.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diffuse alveolar damage. Morphologic features in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the overall cytologic characteristics of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens in search of features that could be useful in cytologic diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated BAL samples from patients with DAD obtained simultaneously with transbronchial biopsies (n = 8) or open lung biopsies (n = 2) or within 24 hours of autopsy (n = 2). The material was processed routinely for cytologic and histologic evaluation. RESULTS: The smears were moderately to highly cellular. All cases had large numbers of alveolar macrophages and/or desquamated alveolar cells. The epithelial component displayed various degrees of nuclear atypia. Some epithelial clusters were three-dimensional, with peripheral cells showing clear cytoplasm, protruding outwards and resembling hobnails. Other aggregates appeared two-dimensional, as sheets of cells with flattened and dense cytoplasm (squamotized). Both types of cell clusters were often associated with dense, basophilic or amphophilic, amorphous extracellular material. Counterparts of all the cytologic features were observed in the histologic material, including atypia of the alveolar lining with hobnailing, squamotization, amorphous extracellular material and hyaline membranes. CONCLUSION: The cytologic features of BAL represent a constellation of alveolar cell injury. Based on these features, DAD can be correctly diagnosed or suggested in BAL samples in the appropriate clinical setting.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CA-125 and carcinoembryonic antigen assay vs. cytodiagnostic experience in the classification of benign ovarian cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative strengths of two factors involved in making an accurate differentiation between functional and epithelial ovarian cysts, along with their combination: (1) the cytologist's level of experience in interpreting ovarian cytology, (2) the use of the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA-125 in cyst fluid, and (3) a combination of (1) and (2). STUDY DESIGN: Papanicolaou-stained sediments from fluid aspirated from 31 resected ovarian cysts (6 functional and 25 epithelial) were blindly and independently evaluated by five pathologists with varying experience in ovarian cytology. Cyst fluid supernatant was used for CEA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CA-125 radioimmunoassay; CEA levels > 5 ng/mL or CA-125 > 5,000 U/mL were considered elevated. Cysts were categorized cytologically and histologically as functional or epithelial and by tumor markers as "neither elevated" or "either or both elevated" (EBE). RESULTS: The agreement of histologic diagnosis with each pathologist's cytologic diagnosis ranged from 53% to 84% (53%, 71%, 83%, 82%, 84%), corresponding to increasing level of experience. The percentage of agreement with EBE was 77%, whereas combined experienced pathologist's diagnosis and EBE was 87%. Kappa equaled .45 for experienced cytopathologist's diagnosis or EBE alone. Kappa equaled .53 when the pathologist or EBE diagnosed an epithelial cyst, indicating results unlikely to occur by chance. CONCLUSION: The distinction of functional from epithelial ovarian cysts is best achieved by combining measurement of the tumor markers CEA and CA-125 with a high level of cytopathology experience.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human papillomavirus absence predicts normal cervical histopathologic findings with abnormal papanicolaou smears: a study of a university-based inner city population.

INTRODUCTION: We studied the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing in predicting cervical dysplasia in women with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: A university colposcopy clinic-based consecutive sample of 179 women completed a questionnaire and underwent colposcopy, HPV typing (Hybrid Capture System HPV DNA Assay II; Digene Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), and biopsy (if indicated). RESULTS: No severe dysplasia was observed in women with low-risk HPV or in women with negative HPV test results who had a low-grade abnormality on the Pap test. High-risk (HR) HPV was present in every case of severe dysplasia on biopsy. The cumulative odds risk for cervical dysplasia was 1.11 in HIV(+) women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on the Pap test who were older than 21 years of age and HPV-HR(+). CONCLUSIONS: In the population studied, HPV typing is a valuable adjunct to a low-grade abnormality on the Pap test in predicting the absence of cervical dysplasia on biopsy. Larger prospective population-based studies are needed to study the role of HPV as a negative predictor of disease in cervical dysplasia.

Adolescent↗